Occurrence and Accumulation of Human Enteric Viruses and Phages in Process Water from the Fresh Produce Industry
The virological quality of process water (PW) used by the produce industry has received limited attention. As a first step to overcoming technical limitations in monitoring viruses in PW, the analytical performance of ultrafiltration was assessed to concentrate viral particles from 20 L of spiked PW...
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/8/1853 |
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| author | Enric Cuevas-Ferrando Ana Allende Alba Pérez-Cataluña Pilar Truchado Natalia Hernández Maria Isabel Gil Gloria Sánchez |
| author_facet | Enric Cuevas-Ferrando Ana Allende Alba Pérez-Cataluña Pilar Truchado Natalia Hernández Maria Isabel Gil Gloria Sánchez |
| author_sort | Enric Cuevas-Ferrando |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The virological quality of process water (PW) used by the produce industry has received limited attention. As a first step to overcoming technical limitations in monitoring viruses in PW, the analytical performance of ultrafiltration was assessed to concentrate viral particles from 20 L of spiked PW. The selected method used for sample concentration of PW was carefully validated, thus enabling the accurate quantification and estimation of viral titers of human enteric viruses and phages. PW from the produce industry was collected periodically from the washing tanks of commercial facilities. The analysis of coliphages was performed by plaque assay, while the occurrence of enteric viruses and crAssphage was determined by molecular techniques. Significant differences in the physicochemical composition of PW, mostly due to the different nature of fresh produce types and differences in the sanitizer used in commercial operation, were observed. Accumulation of crAssphage and coliphages was observed in PW, but correlation with human enteric viruses was not possible due to the low prevalence of these pathogens in the PW analyzed. The obtained results showed that depending on the type of product washed, the product/water ratio and the residual concentrations of the sanitizers, the prevalence and concentration of bacteriophages changed significantly. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:48:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-27f7cad42a544660bab96515fc1e6c49 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:48:30Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-27f7cad42a544660bab96515fc1e6c492023-11-22T07:39:46ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582021-08-01108185310.3390/foods10081853Occurrence and Accumulation of Human Enteric Viruses and Phages in Process Water from the Fresh Produce IndustryEnric Cuevas-Ferrando0Ana Allende1Alba Pérez-Cataluña2Pilar Truchado3Natalia Hernández4Maria Isabel Gil5Gloria Sánchez6Department of Preservation and Food Safety Technologies, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, IATA-CSIC, Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Valencia, SpainResearch Group on Microbiology and Quality of Fruits and Vegetables, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, SpainDepartment of Preservation and Food Safety Technologies, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, IATA-CSIC, Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Valencia, SpainResearch Group on Microbiology and Quality of Fruits and Vegetables, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, SpainResearch Group on Microbiology and Quality of Fruits and Vegetables, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, SpainResearch Group on Microbiology and Quality of Fruits and Vegetables, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, SpainDepartment of Preservation and Food Safety Technologies, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, IATA-CSIC, Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Valencia, SpainThe virological quality of process water (PW) used by the produce industry has received limited attention. As a first step to overcoming technical limitations in monitoring viruses in PW, the analytical performance of ultrafiltration was assessed to concentrate viral particles from 20 L of spiked PW. The selected method used for sample concentration of PW was carefully validated, thus enabling the accurate quantification and estimation of viral titers of human enteric viruses and phages. PW from the produce industry was collected periodically from the washing tanks of commercial facilities. The analysis of coliphages was performed by plaque assay, while the occurrence of enteric viruses and crAssphage was determined by molecular techniques. Significant differences in the physicochemical composition of PW, mostly due to the different nature of fresh produce types and differences in the sanitizer used in commercial operation, were observed. Accumulation of crAssphage and coliphages was observed in PW, but correlation with human enteric viruses was not possible due to the low prevalence of these pathogens in the PW analyzed. The obtained results showed that depending on the type of product washed, the product/water ratio and the residual concentrations of the sanitizers, the prevalence and concentration of bacteriophages changed significantly.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/8/1853human enteric virusesviral indicatorbacteriophagesmolecular methodsinfectivityproduce |
| spellingShingle | Enric Cuevas-Ferrando Ana Allende Alba Pérez-Cataluña Pilar Truchado Natalia Hernández Maria Isabel Gil Gloria Sánchez Occurrence and Accumulation of Human Enteric Viruses and Phages in Process Water from the Fresh Produce Industry Foods human enteric viruses viral indicator bacteriophages molecular methods infectivity produce |
| title | Occurrence and Accumulation of Human Enteric Viruses and Phages in Process Water from the Fresh Produce Industry |
| title_full | Occurrence and Accumulation of Human Enteric Viruses and Phages in Process Water from the Fresh Produce Industry |
| title_fullStr | Occurrence and Accumulation of Human Enteric Viruses and Phages in Process Water from the Fresh Produce Industry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Occurrence and Accumulation of Human Enteric Viruses and Phages in Process Water from the Fresh Produce Industry |
| title_short | Occurrence and Accumulation of Human Enteric Viruses and Phages in Process Water from the Fresh Produce Industry |
| title_sort | occurrence and accumulation of human enteric viruses and phages in process water from the fresh produce industry |
| topic | human enteric viruses viral indicator bacteriophages molecular methods infectivity produce |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/8/1853 |
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