A UPLC-DAD-Based Bio-Screening Assay for the Evaluation of the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Potential of Plant Extracts and Compounds: Pyrroquinazoline Alkaloids from <i>Adhatoda vasica</i> as a Case Study
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure in the human body. Identification of potential ACE inhibitors from medicinal plants supported the idea of repurposing these medicinal plants against hypertension. A method based on ultra-performance liquid chromato...
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/22/6971 |
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| author | Syeda Tehreem Saeedur Rahman Muhammad Salman Bhatti Reaz Uddin Muhammad Noman Khan Saba Tauseef Hesham R. El-Seedi Abdullatif Bin Muhsinah Jalal Uddin Syed Ghulam Musharraf |
| author_facet | Syeda Tehreem Saeedur Rahman Muhammad Salman Bhatti Reaz Uddin Muhammad Noman Khan Saba Tauseef Hesham R. El-Seedi Abdullatif Bin Muhsinah Jalal Uddin Syed Ghulam Musharraf |
| author_sort | Syeda Tehreem |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure in the human body. Identification of potential ACE inhibitors from medicinal plants supported the idea of repurposing these medicinal plants against hypertension. A method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with a diode array detector (DAD) was used for the rapid screening of plant extracts and purified compounds to determine their ACE inhibitory activity. Hippuryl-histidiyl-leucine (HHL) was used as a substrate, which is converted into hippuric acid (HA) by the action of ACE. A calibration curve of the substrate HHL was developed with the linear regression 0.999. The limits of detection and quantification of this method were found to be 0.134 and 0.4061 mM, respectively. Different parameters of ACE inhibitory assay were optimized, including concentration, incubation time and temperature. The ACE inhibition potential of <i>Adhatoda vasica</i> (methanolic-aqueous extract) and its isolated pyrroquinazoline alkaloids, vasicinol (<b>1</b>), vasicine (<b>2</b>) and vasicinone (<b>3</b>) was evaluated. Compounds <b>1</b>–<b>3</b> were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. The IC<sub>50</sub> values of vasicinol (<b>1</b>), vasicine (<b>2</b>) and vasicinone (<b>3</b>) were found to be 6.45, 2.60 and 13.49 mM, respectively. Molecular docking studies of compounds <b>1</b>–<b>3</b> were also performed. Among these compounds, vasicinol (<b>1</b>) binds as effectively as captopril, a standard drug of ACE inhibition. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:13:31Z |
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| id | doaj.art-27fa4a08bf8840cab5e7af8a46b082a0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:13:31Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-27fa4a08bf8840cab5e7af8a46b082a02023-11-23T00:36:38ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-11-012622697110.3390/molecules26226971A UPLC-DAD-Based Bio-Screening Assay for the Evaluation of the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Potential of Plant Extracts and Compounds: Pyrroquinazoline Alkaloids from <i>Adhatoda vasica</i> as a Case StudySyeda Tehreem0Saeedur Rahman1Muhammad Salman Bhatti2Reaz Uddin3Muhammad Noman Khan4Saba Tauseef5Hesham R. El-Seedi6Abdullatif Bin Muhsinah7Jalal Uddin8Syed Ghulam Musharraf9H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, PakistanH.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, PakistanH.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, PakistanDr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, PakistanH.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, PakistanDr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, PakistanPharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, BMC, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi ArabiaH.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, PakistanAngiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure in the human body. Identification of potential ACE inhibitors from medicinal plants supported the idea of repurposing these medicinal plants against hypertension. A method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with a diode array detector (DAD) was used for the rapid screening of plant extracts and purified compounds to determine their ACE inhibitory activity. Hippuryl-histidiyl-leucine (HHL) was used as a substrate, which is converted into hippuric acid (HA) by the action of ACE. A calibration curve of the substrate HHL was developed with the linear regression 0.999. The limits of detection and quantification of this method were found to be 0.134 and 0.4061 mM, respectively. Different parameters of ACE inhibitory assay were optimized, including concentration, incubation time and temperature. The ACE inhibition potential of <i>Adhatoda vasica</i> (methanolic-aqueous extract) and its isolated pyrroquinazoline alkaloids, vasicinol (<b>1</b>), vasicine (<b>2</b>) and vasicinone (<b>3</b>) was evaluated. Compounds <b>1</b>–<b>3</b> were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. The IC<sub>50</sub> values of vasicinol (<b>1</b>), vasicine (<b>2</b>) and vasicinone (<b>3</b>) were found to be 6.45, 2.60 and 13.49 mM, respectively. Molecular docking studies of compounds <b>1</b>–<b>3</b> were also performed. Among these compounds, vasicinol (<b>1</b>) binds as effectively as captopril, a standard drug of ACE inhibition.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/22/6971angiotensin converting enzymehypertensionpyrroquinazoline alkaloidsvasicinevasicinolvasicinone |
| spellingShingle | Syeda Tehreem Saeedur Rahman Muhammad Salman Bhatti Reaz Uddin Muhammad Noman Khan Saba Tauseef Hesham R. El-Seedi Abdullatif Bin Muhsinah Jalal Uddin Syed Ghulam Musharraf A UPLC-DAD-Based Bio-Screening Assay for the Evaluation of the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Potential of Plant Extracts and Compounds: Pyrroquinazoline Alkaloids from <i>Adhatoda vasica</i> as a Case Study Molecules angiotensin converting enzyme hypertension pyrroquinazoline alkaloids vasicine vasicinol vasicinone |
| title | A UPLC-DAD-Based Bio-Screening Assay for the Evaluation of the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Potential of Plant Extracts and Compounds: Pyrroquinazoline Alkaloids from <i>Adhatoda vasica</i> as a Case Study |
| title_full | A UPLC-DAD-Based Bio-Screening Assay for the Evaluation of the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Potential of Plant Extracts and Compounds: Pyrroquinazoline Alkaloids from <i>Adhatoda vasica</i> as a Case Study |
| title_fullStr | A UPLC-DAD-Based Bio-Screening Assay for the Evaluation of the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Potential of Plant Extracts and Compounds: Pyrroquinazoline Alkaloids from <i>Adhatoda vasica</i> as a Case Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | A UPLC-DAD-Based Bio-Screening Assay for the Evaluation of the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Potential of Plant Extracts and Compounds: Pyrroquinazoline Alkaloids from <i>Adhatoda vasica</i> as a Case Study |
| title_short | A UPLC-DAD-Based Bio-Screening Assay for the Evaluation of the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Potential of Plant Extracts and Compounds: Pyrroquinazoline Alkaloids from <i>Adhatoda vasica</i> as a Case Study |
| title_sort | uplc dad based bio screening assay for the evaluation of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory potential of plant extracts and compounds pyrroquinazoline alkaloids from i adhatoda vasica i as a case study |
| topic | angiotensin converting enzyme hypertension pyrroquinazoline alkaloids vasicine vasicinol vasicinone |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/22/6971 |
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