Identification of Terpene Compositions in the Leaves and Inflorescences of Hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> Species Using Headspace-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
Although cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol in <i>Cannabis</i> species exert their pharmacological effects via the endocannabinoid system, it is believed that other phytochemicals, particularly terpenes, can modulate therapeutic outcomes through the entourage effect. Therefore, to gain...
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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Series: | Molecules |
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Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/24/8082 |
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author | Sangin Lee Eun Jae Kim Eunjeong Kwon Seo Jeong Oh Mansoo Cho Chul Min Kim Wonwoong Lee Jongki Hong |
author_facet | Sangin Lee Eun Jae Kim Eunjeong Kwon Seo Jeong Oh Mansoo Cho Chul Min Kim Wonwoong Lee Jongki Hong |
author_sort | Sangin Lee |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Although cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol in <i>Cannabis</i> species exert their pharmacological effects via the endocannabinoid system, it is believed that other phytochemicals, particularly terpenes, can modulate therapeutic outcomes through the entourage effect. Therefore, to gain a better understanding of the pharmacological effects of <i>Cannabis</i>, obtaining information on phytochemical compositions, including mono-, di-, and sesqui-terpenes in <i>Cannabis</i> species is essential. Applying a sophisticated analytical method is indispensable. In this study, headspace-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-GC/MS) was employed to identify major terpenes in the leaves and inflorescences of hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> species. The incubation time and temperature conditions for HS-GC/MS were optimized. This method was successfully applied to the leaves (<i>n</i> = 9) and inflorescences (<i>n</i> = 7) of hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> species. A total of 26 terpenes in <i>Cannabis</i> species were detected, and six major components, such as α-pinene (9.8–2270 μg/g), β-pinene (2.6–930 μg/g), myrcene (0.7–17,400 μg/g), limonene (1.3–300 μg/g), β-caryophyllene (60–3300 μg/g), and α-humulene (40–870 μg/g), were quantified. Each sample showed different terpene compositions, but six major terpenes among all the terpenes detected were consistently found in both the leaves and inflorescences of hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> species. In this study, the six major terpenes’ potential in hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> species was evaluated as biomarkers to distinguish hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> species samples. This study contributes to a better understanding of the entourage effect of <i>Cannabis</i>-based botanical drugs. |
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language | English |
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spelling | doaj.art-27faa3b7a4624292ae6ee61fd443f7972023-12-22T14:27:43ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-12-012824808210.3390/molecules28248082Identification of Terpene Compositions in the Leaves and Inflorescences of Hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> Species Using Headspace-Gas Chromatography/Mass SpectrometrySangin Lee0Eun Jae Kim1Eunjeong Kwon2Seo Jeong Oh3Mansoo Cho4Chul Min Kim5Wonwoong Lee6Jongki Hong7College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of KoreaCollege of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of KoreaCollege of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of KoreaCollege of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of KoreaGraduate School of Techno Design, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Horticulture Industry, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of KoreaResearch Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of KoreaCollege of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of KoreaAlthough cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol in <i>Cannabis</i> species exert their pharmacological effects via the endocannabinoid system, it is believed that other phytochemicals, particularly terpenes, can modulate therapeutic outcomes through the entourage effect. Therefore, to gain a better understanding of the pharmacological effects of <i>Cannabis</i>, obtaining information on phytochemical compositions, including mono-, di-, and sesqui-terpenes in <i>Cannabis</i> species is essential. Applying a sophisticated analytical method is indispensable. In this study, headspace-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-GC/MS) was employed to identify major terpenes in the leaves and inflorescences of hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> species. The incubation time and temperature conditions for HS-GC/MS were optimized. This method was successfully applied to the leaves (<i>n</i> = 9) and inflorescences (<i>n</i> = 7) of hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> species. A total of 26 terpenes in <i>Cannabis</i> species were detected, and six major components, such as α-pinene (9.8–2270 μg/g), β-pinene (2.6–930 μg/g), myrcene (0.7–17,400 μg/g), limonene (1.3–300 μg/g), β-caryophyllene (60–3300 μg/g), and α-humulene (40–870 μg/g), were quantified. Each sample showed different terpene compositions, but six major terpenes among all the terpenes detected were consistently found in both the leaves and inflorescences of hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> species. In this study, the six major terpenes’ potential in hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> species was evaluated as biomarkers to distinguish hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> species samples. This study contributes to a better understanding of the entourage effect of <i>Cannabis</i>-based botanical drugs.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/24/8082hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> speciesterpenesleafinflorescenceheadspacegas chromatography |
spellingShingle | Sangin Lee Eun Jae Kim Eunjeong Kwon Seo Jeong Oh Mansoo Cho Chul Min Kim Wonwoong Lee Jongki Hong Identification of Terpene Compositions in the Leaves and Inflorescences of Hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> Species Using Headspace-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Molecules hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> species terpenes leaf inflorescence headspace gas chromatography |
title | Identification of Terpene Compositions in the Leaves and Inflorescences of Hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> Species Using Headspace-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry |
title_full | Identification of Terpene Compositions in the Leaves and Inflorescences of Hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> Species Using Headspace-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry |
title_fullStr | Identification of Terpene Compositions in the Leaves and Inflorescences of Hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> Species Using Headspace-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry |
title_full_unstemmed | Identification of Terpene Compositions in the Leaves and Inflorescences of Hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> Species Using Headspace-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry |
title_short | Identification of Terpene Compositions in the Leaves and Inflorescences of Hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> Species Using Headspace-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry |
title_sort | identification of terpene compositions in the leaves and inflorescences of hybrid i cannabis i species using headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry |
topic | hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> species terpenes leaf inflorescence headspace gas chromatography |
url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/24/8082 |
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