Identification of Terpene Compositions in the Leaves and Inflorescences of Hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> Species Using Headspace-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

Although cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol in <i>Cannabis</i> species exert their pharmacological effects via the endocannabinoid system, it is believed that other phytochemicals, particularly terpenes, can modulate therapeutic outcomes through the entourage effect. Therefore, to gain...

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Main Authors: Sangin Lee, Eun Jae Kim, Eunjeong Kwon, Seo Jeong Oh, Mansoo Cho, Chul Min Kim, Wonwoong Lee, Jongki Hong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-12-01
Series:Molecules
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/24/8082
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author Sangin Lee
Eun Jae Kim
Eunjeong Kwon
Seo Jeong Oh
Mansoo Cho
Chul Min Kim
Wonwoong Lee
Jongki Hong
author_facet Sangin Lee
Eun Jae Kim
Eunjeong Kwon
Seo Jeong Oh
Mansoo Cho
Chul Min Kim
Wonwoong Lee
Jongki Hong
author_sort Sangin Lee
collection DOAJ
description Although cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol in <i>Cannabis</i> species exert their pharmacological effects via the endocannabinoid system, it is believed that other phytochemicals, particularly terpenes, can modulate therapeutic outcomes through the entourage effect. Therefore, to gain a better understanding of the pharmacological effects of <i>Cannabis</i>, obtaining information on phytochemical compositions, including mono-, di-, and sesqui-terpenes in <i>Cannabis</i> species is essential. Applying a sophisticated analytical method is indispensable. In this study, headspace-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-GC/MS) was employed to identify major terpenes in the leaves and inflorescences of hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> species. The incubation time and temperature conditions for HS-GC/MS were optimized. This method was successfully applied to the leaves (<i>n</i> = 9) and inflorescences (<i>n</i> = 7) of hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> species. A total of 26 terpenes in <i>Cannabis</i> species were detected, and six major components, such as α-pinene (9.8–2270 μg/g), β-pinene (2.6–930 μg/g), myrcene (0.7–17,400 μg/g), limonene (1.3–300 μg/g), β-caryophyllene (60–3300 μg/g), and α-humulene (40–870 μg/g), were quantified. Each sample showed different terpene compositions, but six major terpenes among all the terpenes detected were consistently found in both the leaves and inflorescences of hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> species. In this study, the six major terpenes’ potential in hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> species was evaluated as biomarkers to distinguish hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> species samples. This study contributes to a better understanding of the entourage effect of <i>Cannabis</i>-based botanical drugs.
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spelling doaj.art-27faa3b7a4624292ae6ee61fd443f7972023-12-22T14:27:43ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-12-012824808210.3390/molecules28248082Identification of Terpene Compositions in the Leaves and Inflorescences of Hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> Species Using Headspace-Gas Chromatography/Mass SpectrometrySangin Lee0Eun Jae Kim1Eunjeong Kwon2Seo Jeong Oh3Mansoo Cho4Chul Min Kim5Wonwoong Lee6Jongki Hong7College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of KoreaCollege of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of KoreaCollege of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of KoreaCollege of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of KoreaGraduate School of Techno Design, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Horticulture Industry, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of KoreaResearch Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of KoreaCollege of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of KoreaAlthough cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol in <i>Cannabis</i> species exert their pharmacological effects via the endocannabinoid system, it is believed that other phytochemicals, particularly terpenes, can modulate therapeutic outcomes through the entourage effect. Therefore, to gain a better understanding of the pharmacological effects of <i>Cannabis</i>, obtaining information on phytochemical compositions, including mono-, di-, and sesqui-terpenes in <i>Cannabis</i> species is essential. Applying a sophisticated analytical method is indispensable. In this study, headspace-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-GC/MS) was employed to identify major terpenes in the leaves and inflorescences of hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> species. The incubation time and temperature conditions for HS-GC/MS were optimized. This method was successfully applied to the leaves (<i>n</i> = 9) and inflorescences (<i>n</i> = 7) of hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> species. A total of 26 terpenes in <i>Cannabis</i> species were detected, and six major components, such as α-pinene (9.8–2270 μg/g), β-pinene (2.6–930 μg/g), myrcene (0.7–17,400 μg/g), limonene (1.3–300 μg/g), β-caryophyllene (60–3300 μg/g), and α-humulene (40–870 μg/g), were quantified. Each sample showed different terpene compositions, but six major terpenes among all the terpenes detected were consistently found in both the leaves and inflorescences of hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> species. In this study, the six major terpenes’ potential in hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> species was evaluated as biomarkers to distinguish hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> species samples. This study contributes to a better understanding of the entourage effect of <i>Cannabis</i>-based botanical drugs.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/24/8082hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> speciesterpenesleafinflorescenceheadspacegas chromatography
spellingShingle Sangin Lee
Eun Jae Kim
Eunjeong Kwon
Seo Jeong Oh
Mansoo Cho
Chul Min Kim
Wonwoong Lee
Jongki Hong
Identification of Terpene Compositions in the Leaves and Inflorescences of Hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> Species Using Headspace-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
Molecules
hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> species
terpenes
leaf
inflorescence
headspace
gas chromatography
title Identification of Terpene Compositions in the Leaves and Inflorescences of Hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> Species Using Headspace-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
title_full Identification of Terpene Compositions in the Leaves and Inflorescences of Hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> Species Using Headspace-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
title_fullStr Identification of Terpene Compositions in the Leaves and Inflorescences of Hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> Species Using Headspace-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
title_full_unstemmed Identification of Terpene Compositions in the Leaves and Inflorescences of Hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> Species Using Headspace-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
title_short Identification of Terpene Compositions in the Leaves and Inflorescences of Hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> Species Using Headspace-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
title_sort identification of terpene compositions in the leaves and inflorescences of hybrid i cannabis i species using headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry
topic hybrid <i>Cannabis</i> species
terpenes
leaf
inflorescence
headspace
gas chromatography
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/24/8082
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