A marine isotope stage 11 coastal Acheulian workshop with associated wood at Amanzi Springs Area 1, South Africa

Amanzi Springs is a series of inactive thermal springs located near Kariega in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. Excavations in the 1960s exposed rare, stratified Acheulian-bearing deposits that were not further investigated over the next 50 years. Reanalysis of the site and its legacy collection ha...

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Main Authors: Andy I. R. Herries, Lee J. Arnold, Giovanni Boschian, Alexander F. Blackwood, Coen Wilson, Tom Mallett, Brian Armstrong, Martina Demuro, Fiona Petchey, Matthew Meredith-Williams, Paul Penzo-Kajewski, Matthew V. Caruana
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2022-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9584507/?tool=EBI
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author Andy I. R. Herries
Lee J. Arnold
Giovanni Boschian
Alexander F. Blackwood
Coen Wilson
Tom Mallett
Brian Armstrong
Martina Demuro
Fiona Petchey
Matthew Meredith-Williams
Paul Penzo-Kajewski
Matthew V. Caruana
author_facet Andy I. R. Herries
Lee J. Arnold
Giovanni Boschian
Alexander F. Blackwood
Coen Wilson
Tom Mallett
Brian Armstrong
Martina Demuro
Fiona Petchey
Matthew Meredith-Williams
Paul Penzo-Kajewski
Matthew V. Caruana
author_sort Andy I. R. Herries
collection DOAJ
description Amanzi Springs is a series of inactive thermal springs located near Kariega in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. Excavations in the 1960s exposed rare, stratified Acheulian-bearing deposits that were not further investigated over the next 50 years. Reanalysis of the site and its legacy collection has led to a redefined stratigraphic context for the archaeology, a confirmed direct association between Acheulian artefacts and wood, as well as the first reliable age estimates for the site. Thermally transferred optically stimulated luminescence and post-infrared infrared stimulated luminescence dating indicates that the Acheulian deposits from the Amanzi Springs Area 1 spring eye formed during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11 at ~ 404–390 ka. At this time, higher sea levels of ~13-14m would have placed Amanzi Springs around 7 km from a ria that would have formed along what is today the Swartkops River, and which likely led to spring reactivation. This makes the Amanzi Springs Area 1 assemblage an unusual occurrence of a verified late occurring, seaward, open-air Acheulian occupation. The Acheulian levels do not contain any Middle Stone Age (MSA) elements such as blades and points that have been documented in the interior of South Africa at this time. However, a small number of stone tools from the upper layers of the artefact zone, and originally thought of as intrusive, have been dated to ~190 ka, at the transition between MIS 7 to 6, and represent the first potential MSA identified at the site.
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spelling doaj.art-2815376eb5a8433094c2a8a470be4c0f2022-12-22T04:07:20ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032022-01-011710A marine isotope stage 11 coastal Acheulian workshop with associated wood at Amanzi Springs Area 1, South AfricaAndy I. R. HerriesLee J. ArnoldGiovanni BoschianAlexander F. BlackwoodCoen WilsonTom MallettBrian ArmstrongMartina DemuroFiona PetcheyMatthew Meredith-WilliamsPaul Penzo-KajewskiMatthew V. CaruanaAmanzi Springs is a series of inactive thermal springs located near Kariega in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. Excavations in the 1960s exposed rare, stratified Acheulian-bearing deposits that were not further investigated over the next 50 years. Reanalysis of the site and its legacy collection has led to a redefined stratigraphic context for the archaeology, a confirmed direct association between Acheulian artefacts and wood, as well as the first reliable age estimates for the site. Thermally transferred optically stimulated luminescence and post-infrared infrared stimulated luminescence dating indicates that the Acheulian deposits from the Amanzi Springs Area 1 spring eye formed during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11 at ~ 404–390 ka. At this time, higher sea levels of ~13-14m would have placed Amanzi Springs around 7 km from a ria that would have formed along what is today the Swartkops River, and which likely led to spring reactivation. This makes the Amanzi Springs Area 1 assemblage an unusual occurrence of a verified late occurring, seaward, open-air Acheulian occupation. The Acheulian levels do not contain any Middle Stone Age (MSA) elements such as blades and points that have been documented in the interior of South Africa at this time. However, a small number of stone tools from the upper layers of the artefact zone, and originally thought of as intrusive, have been dated to ~190 ka, at the transition between MIS 7 to 6, and represent the first potential MSA identified at the site.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9584507/?tool=EBI
spellingShingle Andy I. R. Herries
Lee J. Arnold
Giovanni Boschian
Alexander F. Blackwood
Coen Wilson
Tom Mallett
Brian Armstrong
Martina Demuro
Fiona Petchey
Matthew Meredith-Williams
Paul Penzo-Kajewski
Matthew V. Caruana
A marine isotope stage 11 coastal Acheulian workshop with associated wood at Amanzi Springs Area 1, South Africa
PLoS ONE
title A marine isotope stage 11 coastal Acheulian workshop with associated wood at Amanzi Springs Area 1, South Africa
title_full A marine isotope stage 11 coastal Acheulian workshop with associated wood at Amanzi Springs Area 1, South Africa
title_fullStr A marine isotope stage 11 coastal Acheulian workshop with associated wood at Amanzi Springs Area 1, South Africa
title_full_unstemmed A marine isotope stage 11 coastal Acheulian workshop with associated wood at Amanzi Springs Area 1, South Africa
title_short A marine isotope stage 11 coastal Acheulian workshop with associated wood at Amanzi Springs Area 1, South Africa
title_sort marine isotope stage 11 coastal acheulian workshop with associated wood at amanzi springs area 1 south africa
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9584507/?tool=EBI
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