Detection and Characterization of Nodularin by Using Label-Free Surface-Enhanced Spectroscopic Techniques
Nodularin (NOD) is a potent toxin produced by <i>Nodularia spumigena</i> cyanobacteria. Usually, NOD co-exists with other microcystins in environmental waters, a class of cyanotoxins secreted by certain cyanobacteria species, which makes identification difficult in the case of mixed toxi...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/24/15741 |
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| author | Ioana Andreea Brezeștean Ana Maria Raluca Gherman Alia Colniță Nicoleta Elena Dina Csilla Müller Molnár Daniel Marconi Vasile Chiș Ioan-Leontin David Simona Cîntă-Pînzaru |
| author_facet | Ioana Andreea Brezeștean Ana Maria Raluca Gherman Alia Colniță Nicoleta Elena Dina Csilla Müller Molnár Daniel Marconi Vasile Chiș Ioan-Leontin David Simona Cîntă-Pînzaru |
| author_sort | Ioana Andreea Brezeștean |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nodularin (NOD) is a potent toxin produced by <i>Nodularia spumigena</i> cyanobacteria. Usually, NOD co-exists with other microcystins in environmental waters, a class of cyanotoxins secreted by certain cyanobacteria species, which makes identification difficult in the case of mixed toxins. Herein we report a complete theoretical DFT-vibrational Raman characterization of NOD along with the experimental drop-coating deposition Raman (DCDR) technique. In addition, we used the vibrational characterization to probe SERS analysis of NOD using colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), commercial nanopatterned substrates with periodic inverted pyramids (Klarite<sup>TM</sup> substrate), hydrophobic Tienta<sup>®</sup> SpecTrim<sup>TM</sup> slides, and in-house fabricated periodic nanotrenches by nanoimprint lithography (NIL). The 532 nm excitation source provided more well-defined bands even at LOD levels, as well as the best performance in terms of SERS intensity. This was reflected by the results obtained with the Klarite<sup>TM</sup> substrate and the silver-based colloidal system, which were the most promising detection approaches, providing the lowest limits of detection. A detection limit of 8.4 × 10<sup>−8</sup> M was achieved for NOD in solution by using AgNPs. Theoretical computation of the complex vibrational modes of NOD was used for the first time to unambiguously assign all the specific vibrational Raman bands. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:19:29Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:19:29Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-281d5d9c6ad24a38b5447b3fdadd874c2023-11-24T15:27:08ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-12-0123241574110.3390/ijms232415741Detection and Characterization of Nodularin by Using Label-Free Surface-Enhanced Spectroscopic TechniquesIoana Andreea Brezeștean0Ana Maria Raluca Gherman1Alia Colniță2Nicoleta Elena Dina3Csilla Müller Molnár4Daniel Marconi5Vasile Chiș6Ioan-Leontin David7Simona Cîntă-Pînzaru8Department of Molecular and Biomolecular Physics, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Molecular and Biomolecular Physics, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Molecular and Biomolecular Physics, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Molecular and Biomolecular Physics, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Molecular and Biomolecular Physics, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Molecular and Biomolecular Physics, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaFaculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaFaculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaFaculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaNodularin (NOD) is a potent toxin produced by <i>Nodularia spumigena</i> cyanobacteria. Usually, NOD co-exists with other microcystins in environmental waters, a class of cyanotoxins secreted by certain cyanobacteria species, which makes identification difficult in the case of mixed toxins. Herein we report a complete theoretical DFT-vibrational Raman characterization of NOD along with the experimental drop-coating deposition Raman (DCDR) technique. In addition, we used the vibrational characterization to probe SERS analysis of NOD using colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), commercial nanopatterned substrates with periodic inverted pyramids (Klarite<sup>TM</sup> substrate), hydrophobic Tienta<sup>®</sup> SpecTrim<sup>TM</sup> slides, and in-house fabricated periodic nanotrenches by nanoimprint lithography (NIL). The 532 nm excitation source provided more well-defined bands even at LOD levels, as well as the best performance in terms of SERS intensity. This was reflected by the results obtained with the Klarite<sup>TM</sup> substrate and the silver-based colloidal system, which were the most promising detection approaches, providing the lowest limits of detection. A detection limit of 8.4 × 10<sup>−8</sup> M was achieved for NOD in solution by using AgNPs. Theoretical computation of the complex vibrational modes of NOD was used for the first time to unambiguously assign all the specific vibrational Raman bands.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/24/15741RamanSERSnodularincyanotoxinmicrocystins |
| spellingShingle | Ioana Andreea Brezeștean Ana Maria Raluca Gherman Alia Colniță Nicoleta Elena Dina Csilla Müller Molnár Daniel Marconi Vasile Chiș Ioan-Leontin David Simona Cîntă-Pînzaru Detection and Characterization of Nodularin by Using Label-Free Surface-Enhanced Spectroscopic Techniques International Journal of Molecular Sciences Raman SERS nodularin cyanotoxin microcystins |
| title | Detection and Characterization of Nodularin by Using Label-Free Surface-Enhanced Spectroscopic Techniques |
| title_full | Detection and Characterization of Nodularin by Using Label-Free Surface-Enhanced Spectroscopic Techniques |
| title_fullStr | Detection and Characterization of Nodularin by Using Label-Free Surface-Enhanced Spectroscopic Techniques |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detection and Characterization of Nodularin by Using Label-Free Surface-Enhanced Spectroscopic Techniques |
| title_short | Detection and Characterization of Nodularin by Using Label-Free Surface-Enhanced Spectroscopic Techniques |
| title_sort | detection and characterization of nodularin by using label free surface enhanced spectroscopic techniques |
| topic | Raman SERS nodularin cyanotoxin microcystins |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/24/15741 |
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