The rapid appearance of homostyly in a cultivated distylous population of Primula forbesii
Abstract Evolutionary breakdown from rigorous outbreeding to self‐fertilization frequently occurs in angiosperms. Since the pollinators are not necessary, self‐compatible populations often reduce investment in floral display characteristics and pollination reward. Primula forbesii is a biennial herb...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Ecology and Evolution |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9515 |
| _version_ | 1811211837071425536 |
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| author | Cai‐Lei Liu Yin Jia Yi‐Feng Li Yuan‐Fen Xiang Yuan‐Zhi Pan Qing‐Lin Liu Ke‐Hang Ma Xian‐Cai Yin |
| author_facet | Cai‐Lei Liu Yin Jia Yi‐Feng Li Yuan‐Fen Xiang Yuan‐Zhi Pan Qing‐Lin Liu Ke‐Hang Ma Xian‐Cai Yin |
| author_sort | Cai‐Lei Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Evolutionary breakdown from rigorous outbreeding to self‐fertilization frequently occurs in angiosperms. Since the pollinators are not necessary, self‐compatible populations often reduce investment in floral display characteristics and pollination reward. Primula forbesii is a biennial herb with distribution restricted to southwest China; it was initially a self‐incompatible distylous species, but after 20 years of artificial domestication, homostyly appeared. This change in style provides an ideal material to explore the time required for plant mating systems to adapt to new environmental changes and test whether flower attraction has reduced following transitions to selfing. We did a survey in wild populations of P. forbesii where its seeds were originally collected 20 years ago and recorded the floral morph frequencies and morphologies. The floral morphologies, self‐incompatibility, floral scent, and pollinator visitation between distyly and homostyly were compared in greenhouse. Floral morph frequencies of wild populations did not change, while the cultivated population was inclined to L‐morph and produced homostyly. Evidence from stigma papillae and pollen size supports the hypothesis that the homostyly possibly originated from mutations of large effect genes in distylous linkage region. Transitions to self‐compatible homostyly are accompanied by smaller corolla size, lower amounts of terpenoids, especially linalool and higher amounts of fatty acid derivatives. The main pollinators in the greenhouse were short‐tongued Apis cerana. However, homostyly had reduced visiting frequency. The mating system of P. forbesii changed rapidly in just about 20 years of domestication, and our findings confirm the hypothesis that the transition to selfing is accompanied by decreased flower attraction. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T05:20:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2824a5646f09472982a8985fc16c2835 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-7758 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T05:20:01Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecology and Evolution |
| spelling | doaj.art-2824a5646f09472982a8985fc16c28352022-12-22T03:46:30ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582022-11-011211n/an/a10.1002/ece3.9515The rapid appearance of homostyly in a cultivated distylous population of Primula forbesiiCai‐Lei Liu0Yin Jia1Yi‐Feng Li2Yuan‐Fen Xiang3Yuan‐Zhi Pan4Qing‐Lin Liu5Ke‐Hang Ma6Xian‐Cai Yin7College of Landscape Architecture Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu ChinaAbstract Evolutionary breakdown from rigorous outbreeding to self‐fertilization frequently occurs in angiosperms. Since the pollinators are not necessary, self‐compatible populations often reduce investment in floral display characteristics and pollination reward. Primula forbesii is a biennial herb with distribution restricted to southwest China; it was initially a self‐incompatible distylous species, but after 20 years of artificial domestication, homostyly appeared. This change in style provides an ideal material to explore the time required for plant mating systems to adapt to new environmental changes and test whether flower attraction has reduced following transitions to selfing. We did a survey in wild populations of P. forbesii where its seeds were originally collected 20 years ago and recorded the floral morph frequencies and morphologies. The floral morphologies, self‐incompatibility, floral scent, and pollinator visitation between distyly and homostyly were compared in greenhouse. Floral morph frequencies of wild populations did not change, while the cultivated population was inclined to L‐morph and produced homostyly. Evidence from stigma papillae and pollen size supports the hypothesis that the homostyly possibly originated from mutations of large effect genes in distylous linkage region. Transitions to self‐compatible homostyly are accompanied by smaller corolla size, lower amounts of terpenoids, especially linalool and higher amounts of fatty acid derivatives. The main pollinators in the greenhouse were short‐tongued Apis cerana. However, homostyly had reduced visiting frequency. The mating system of P. forbesii changed rapidly in just about 20 years of domestication, and our findings confirm the hypothesis that the transition to selfing is accompanied by decreased flower attraction.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9515distylyfloral scenthomostylyPrimulapollinator visitation |
| spellingShingle | Cai‐Lei Liu Yin Jia Yi‐Feng Li Yuan‐Fen Xiang Yuan‐Zhi Pan Qing‐Lin Liu Ke‐Hang Ma Xian‐Cai Yin The rapid appearance of homostyly in a cultivated distylous population of Primula forbesii Ecology and Evolution distyly floral scent homostyly Primula pollinator visitation |
| title | The rapid appearance of homostyly in a cultivated distylous population of Primula forbesii |
| title_full | The rapid appearance of homostyly in a cultivated distylous population of Primula forbesii |
| title_fullStr | The rapid appearance of homostyly in a cultivated distylous population of Primula forbesii |
| title_full_unstemmed | The rapid appearance of homostyly in a cultivated distylous population of Primula forbesii |
| title_short | The rapid appearance of homostyly in a cultivated distylous population of Primula forbesii |
| title_sort | rapid appearance of homostyly in a cultivated distylous population of primula forbesii |
| topic | distyly floral scent homostyly Primula pollinator visitation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9515 |
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