Black ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by a green chemistry process
In the present work, the standardization of the methodology to obtain black ZnO nanoparticles from Arabica coffee extract as a reducer agent and stabilizer of the reaction is presented for the first time through a scalable combustion green chemistry process without obtaining dangerous byproducts. Th...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Nano Express |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-959X/ad1d01 |
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| author | J León-Flores E Melo-Uscanga J L Pérez-Mazariego M Marquina C Reyes-Damián R Escamilla R Gómez J Arenas-Alatorre |
| author_facet | J León-Flores E Melo-Uscanga J L Pérez-Mazariego M Marquina C Reyes-Damián R Escamilla R Gómez J Arenas-Alatorre |
| author_sort | J León-Flores |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the present work, the standardization of the methodology to obtain black ZnO nanoparticles from Arabica coffee extract as a reducer agent and stabilizer of the reaction is presented for the first time through a scalable combustion green chemistry process without obtaining dangerous byproducts. The size distribution of the nanoparticles was found between 15 and 30 nm. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy shows distorted regions from the atomic column. Whereas, the estimated energy band gap measured by UV–vis spectroscopy is 2.22 eV, which is 30% value below the typical band gap for bulk ZnO. XPS measurements show a change in the binding energy of black ZnO compared to commercial ZnO. From experimental evidence, it is proposed that the black color of zinc oxide resulted from vacancies in the ZnO structure. The vacancies in the structure were theoretically modeled considering a variation in the Coulomb interaction between Zn—O atoms by applying the Hubbard + U DFT approximation. The theoretical electronic distribution of the influence of vacancies ZnO was compared with the experimental results obtained by Raman, FTIR and the experimental profile of the valence band region. These results open the exploration of green synthesized black zinc oxide nanoparticles to possible technological applications related to catalysis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T12:06:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-282658d7bb224859bea00a5b3d3611d6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2632-959X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T12:06:26Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nano Express |
| spelling | doaj.art-282658d7bb224859bea00a5b3d3611d62024-01-23T07:17:54ZengIOP PublishingNano Express2632-959X2024-01-015101500910.1088/2632-959X/ad1d01Black ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by a green chemistry processJ León-Flores0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5518-5386E Melo-Uscanga1J L Pérez-Mazariego2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7126-6522M Marquina3C Reyes-Damián4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3804-4362R Escamilla5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6876-0351R Gómez6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3709-148XJ Arenas-Alatorre7Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México, 04510, MéxicoFacultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México, 04510, MéxicoFacultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México, 04510, MéxicoFacultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México, 04510, MéxicoInstituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México, 04510, MéxicoInstituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México, 04510, MéxicoFacultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México, 04510, MéxicoInstituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México, 04510, MéxicoIn the present work, the standardization of the methodology to obtain black ZnO nanoparticles from Arabica coffee extract as a reducer agent and stabilizer of the reaction is presented for the first time through a scalable combustion green chemistry process without obtaining dangerous byproducts. The size distribution of the nanoparticles was found between 15 and 30 nm. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy shows distorted regions from the atomic column. Whereas, the estimated energy band gap measured by UV–vis spectroscopy is 2.22 eV, which is 30% value below the typical band gap for bulk ZnO. XPS measurements show a change in the binding energy of black ZnO compared to commercial ZnO. From experimental evidence, it is proposed that the black color of zinc oxide resulted from vacancies in the ZnO structure. The vacancies in the structure were theoretically modeled considering a variation in the Coulomb interaction between Zn—O atoms by applying the Hubbard + U DFT approximation. The theoretical electronic distribution of the influence of vacancies ZnO was compared with the experimental results obtained by Raman, FTIR and the experimental profile of the valence band region. These results open the exploration of green synthesized black zinc oxide nanoparticles to possible technological applications related to catalysis.https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-959X/ad1d01transmission electron microscopygreen synthesisDFTzinc oxideXPS |
| spellingShingle | J León-Flores E Melo-Uscanga J L Pérez-Mazariego M Marquina C Reyes-Damián R Escamilla R Gómez J Arenas-Alatorre Black ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by a green chemistry process Nano Express transmission electron microscopy green synthesis DFT zinc oxide XPS |
| title | Black ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by a green chemistry process |
| title_full | Black ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by a green chemistry process |
| title_fullStr | Black ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by a green chemistry process |
| title_full_unstemmed | Black ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by a green chemistry process |
| title_short | Black ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by a green chemistry process |
| title_sort | black zno nanoparticles synthesized by a green chemistry process |
| topic | transmission electron microscopy green synthesis DFT zinc oxide XPS |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-959X/ad1d01 |
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