Regulation of Adult Mammalian Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis by Cell Extrinsic and Intrinsic Factors
Tissue-specific stem cells give rise to new functional cells to maintain tissue homeostasis and restore damaged tissue after injury. To ensure proper brain functions in the adult brain, neural stem cells (NSCs) continuously generate newborn neurons that integrate into pre-existing neuronal networks....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/5/1145 |
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| author | Shuzo Matsubara Taito Matsuda Kinichi Nakashima |
| author_facet | Shuzo Matsubara Taito Matsuda Kinichi Nakashima |
| author_sort | Shuzo Matsubara |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tissue-specific stem cells give rise to new functional cells to maintain tissue homeostasis and restore damaged tissue after injury. To ensure proper brain functions in the adult brain, neural stem cells (NSCs) continuously generate newborn neurons that integrate into pre-existing neuronal networks. Proliferation, as well as neurogenesis of NSCs, are exquisitely controlled by extrinsic and intrinsic factors, and their underlying mechanisms have been extensively studied with the goal of enhancing the neurogenic capacity of NSCs for regenerative medicine. However, neurogenesis of endogenous NSCs alone is insufficient to completely repair brains damaged by neurodegenerative diseases and/or injury because neurogenic areas are limited and few neurons are produced in the adult brain. An innovative approach towards replacing damaged neurons is to induce conversion of non-neuronal cells residing in injured sites into neurons by a process referred to as direct reprogramming. This review describes extrinsic and intrinsic factors controlling NSCs and neurogenesis in the adult brain and discusses prospects for their applications. It also describes direct neuronal reprogramming technology holding promise for future clinical applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:34:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-28334d1737b5416ba8091829dccbe631 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:34:25Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-28334d1737b5416ba8091829dccbe6312023-11-21T18:58:28ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092021-05-01105114510.3390/cells10051145Regulation of Adult Mammalian Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis by Cell Extrinsic and Intrinsic FactorsShuzo Matsubara0Taito Matsuda1Kinichi Nakashima2Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku 812-8582, Fukuoka, JapanDepartment of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku 812-8582, Fukuoka, JapanDepartment of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku 812-8582, Fukuoka, JapanTissue-specific stem cells give rise to new functional cells to maintain tissue homeostasis and restore damaged tissue after injury. To ensure proper brain functions in the adult brain, neural stem cells (NSCs) continuously generate newborn neurons that integrate into pre-existing neuronal networks. Proliferation, as well as neurogenesis of NSCs, are exquisitely controlled by extrinsic and intrinsic factors, and their underlying mechanisms have been extensively studied with the goal of enhancing the neurogenic capacity of NSCs for regenerative medicine. However, neurogenesis of endogenous NSCs alone is insufficient to completely repair brains damaged by neurodegenerative diseases and/or injury because neurogenic areas are limited and few neurons are produced in the adult brain. An innovative approach towards replacing damaged neurons is to induce conversion of non-neuronal cells residing in injured sites into neurons by a process referred to as direct reprogramming. This review describes extrinsic and intrinsic factors controlling NSCs and neurogenesis in the adult brain and discusses prospects for their applications. It also describes direct neuronal reprogramming technology holding promise for future clinical applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/5/1145neurogenesisneural stem cellsdirect reprogrammingneurodegenerative diseasesinjuryneurons |
| spellingShingle | Shuzo Matsubara Taito Matsuda Kinichi Nakashima Regulation of Adult Mammalian Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis by Cell Extrinsic and Intrinsic Factors Cells neurogenesis neural stem cells direct reprogramming neurodegenerative diseases injury neurons |
| title | Regulation of Adult Mammalian Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis by Cell Extrinsic and Intrinsic Factors |
| title_full | Regulation of Adult Mammalian Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis by Cell Extrinsic and Intrinsic Factors |
| title_fullStr | Regulation of Adult Mammalian Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis by Cell Extrinsic and Intrinsic Factors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Regulation of Adult Mammalian Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis by Cell Extrinsic and Intrinsic Factors |
| title_short | Regulation of Adult Mammalian Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis by Cell Extrinsic and Intrinsic Factors |
| title_sort | regulation of adult mammalian neural stem cells and neurogenesis by cell extrinsic and intrinsic factors |
| topic | neurogenesis neural stem cells direct reprogramming neurodegenerative diseases injury neurons |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/5/1145 |
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