Cadmium, lead, and mercury in two commercial squid species from the north Adriatic Sea (central Mediterranean): contamination levels and health risk assessment
In this study, lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and total mercury (Hg) concentrations in European squids (Loligo vulgaris) and flying squids (Todarodes sagittatus) from the northern Adriatic Sea (Italy) were analyzed. The risk of the Italian population being exposed to potentially hazardous metal concentra...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
PAGEPress Publications
2023-06-01
|
| Series: | Italian Journal of Food Safety |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.pagepressjournals.org/index.php/ijfs/article/view/11037 |
| _version_ | 1797808525590659072 |
|---|---|
| author | Maria Olga Varrà Lenka Husáková Jan Patočka Adriana Ianieri Sergio Ghidini Emanuela Zanardi |
| author_facet | Maria Olga Varrà Lenka Husáková Jan Patočka Adriana Ianieri Sergio Ghidini Emanuela Zanardi |
| author_sort | Maria Olga Varrà |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
In this study, lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and total mercury (Hg) concentrations in European squids (Loligo vulgaris) and flying squids (Todarodes sagittatus) from the northern Adriatic Sea (Italy) were analyzed. The risk of the Italian population being exposed to potentially hazardous metal concentrations through the consumption of these products was also assessed. Compared to European squids, flying squids showed three times higher total Hg concentrations and one hundred times higher Cd concentrations to the point that more than 6 and 25% of the samples exceeded the maximum Hg and Cd limits established by the current legislation. From the evaluation of dietary exposure levels, it emerged that the consumption of flying squids was associated with the highest Pb intake by children and, consequently, with the lower margin of exposure values in relation to the risk of neurotoxicity (margin of exposure=33). Consumption of flying squids, especially by children, was also associated with higher intakes of Cd, inorganic, and methyl-Hg, which, respectively, accounted for 156, 113, and 23% of the tolerable weekly intakes established for these contaminants at European level. The obtained results raise concern and it may be necessary to provide specific dietary advice on the moderate dietary consumption of some cephalopod species, especially to the youngest and most vulnerable segment of the population. However, besides the highly conservative deterministic method adopted in this study, a refined consumer exposure assessment should be performed through the probabilistic methodology, which is more suitable to represent the real exposure scenario.
|
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T06:38:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2838dee3937e4580bf92c50be772a25a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2239-7132 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T06:38:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | PAGEPress Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Italian Journal of Food Safety |
| spelling | doaj.art-2838dee3937e4580bf92c50be772a25a2023-06-08T22:50:19ZengPAGEPress PublicationsItalian Journal of Food Safety2239-71322023-06-0112210.4081/ijfs.2023.11037Cadmium, lead, and mercury in two commercial squid species from the north Adriatic Sea (central Mediterranean): contamination levels and health risk assessmentMaria Olga Varrà0Lenka Husáková1Jan Patočka2Adriana Ianieri3Sergio Ghidini4Emanuela Zanardi5Food and Drug Department, University of ParmaAnalytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of PardubiceAnalytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of PardubiceFood and Drug Department, University of ParmaFood and Drug Department, University of ParmaFood and Drug Department, University of Parma, Italy In this study, lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and total mercury (Hg) concentrations in European squids (Loligo vulgaris) and flying squids (Todarodes sagittatus) from the northern Adriatic Sea (Italy) were analyzed. The risk of the Italian population being exposed to potentially hazardous metal concentrations through the consumption of these products was also assessed. Compared to European squids, flying squids showed three times higher total Hg concentrations and one hundred times higher Cd concentrations to the point that more than 6 and 25% of the samples exceeded the maximum Hg and Cd limits established by the current legislation. From the evaluation of dietary exposure levels, it emerged that the consumption of flying squids was associated with the highest Pb intake by children and, consequently, with the lower margin of exposure values in relation to the risk of neurotoxicity (margin of exposure=33). Consumption of flying squids, especially by children, was also associated with higher intakes of Cd, inorganic, and methyl-Hg, which, respectively, accounted for 156, 113, and 23% of the tolerable weekly intakes established for these contaminants at European level. The obtained results raise concern and it may be necessary to provide specific dietary advice on the moderate dietary consumption of some cephalopod species, especially to the youngest and most vulnerable segment of the population. However, besides the highly conservative deterministic method adopted in this study, a refined consumer exposure assessment should be performed through the probabilistic methodology, which is more suitable to represent the real exposure scenario. https://www.pagepressjournals.org/index.php/ijfs/article/view/11037Cephalopodsfood safetyheavy metalshuman exposure |
| spellingShingle | Maria Olga Varrà Lenka Husáková Jan Patočka Adriana Ianieri Sergio Ghidini Emanuela Zanardi Cadmium, lead, and mercury in two commercial squid species from the north Adriatic Sea (central Mediterranean): contamination levels and health risk assessment Italian Journal of Food Safety Cephalopods food safety heavy metals human exposure |
| title | Cadmium, lead, and mercury in two commercial squid species from the north Adriatic Sea (central Mediterranean): contamination levels and health risk assessment |
| title_full | Cadmium, lead, and mercury in two commercial squid species from the north Adriatic Sea (central Mediterranean): contamination levels and health risk assessment |
| title_fullStr | Cadmium, lead, and mercury in two commercial squid species from the north Adriatic Sea (central Mediterranean): contamination levels and health risk assessment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cadmium, lead, and mercury in two commercial squid species from the north Adriatic Sea (central Mediterranean): contamination levels and health risk assessment |
| title_short | Cadmium, lead, and mercury in two commercial squid species from the north Adriatic Sea (central Mediterranean): contamination levels and health risk assessment |
| title_sort | cadmium lead and mercury in two commercial squid species from the north adriatic sea central mediterranean contamination levels and health risk assessment |
| topic | Cephalopods food safety heavy metals human exposure |
| url | https://www.pagepressjournals.org/index.php/ijfs/article/view/11037 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mariaolgavarra cadmiumleadandmercuryintwocommercialsquidspeciesfromthenorthadriaticseacentralmediterraneancontaminationlevelsandhealthriskassessment AT lenkahusakova cadmiumleadandmercuryintwocommercialsquidspeciesfromthenorthadriaticseacentralmediterraneancontaminationlevelsandhealthriskassessment AT janpatocka cadmiumleadandmercuryintwocommercialsquidspeciesfromthenorthadriaticseacentralmediterraneancontaminationlevelsandhealthriskassessment AT adrianaianieri cadmiumleadandmercuryintwocommercialsquidspeciesfromthenorthadriaticseacentralmediterraneancontaminationlevelsandhealthriskassessment AT sergioghidini cadmiumleadandmercuryintwocommercialsquidspeciesfromthenorthadriaticseacentralmediterraneancontaminationlevelsandhealthriskassessment AT emanuelazanardi cadmiumleadandmercuryintwocommercialsquidspeciesfromthenorthadriaticseacentralmediterraneancontaminationlevelsandhealthriskassessment |