Groundwater levels hierarchical clustering and regional groundwater drought assessment in heavily drafted aquifers
Groundwater overexploitation along with decreasing precipitation exacerbates groundwater level decline and causes groundwater drought. Efficient assessment of the drought is critical to water management, especially in drought-prone agriculture regions. It remains challenging to characterize groundwa...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IWA Publishing
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Hydrology Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://hr.iwaponline.com/content/53/7/1031 |
| _version_ | 1818484953574277120 |
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| author | Jina Yin Josué Medellín-Azuara Alvar Escriva-Bou |
| author_facet | Jina Yin Josué Medellín-Azuara Alvar Escriva-Bou |
| author_sort | Jina Yin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Groundwater overexploitation along with decreasing precipitation exacerbates groundwater level decline and causes groundwater drought. Efficient assessment of the drought is critical to water management, especially in drought-prone agriculture regions. It remains challenging to characterize groundwater drought quantitatively due to the difficulty in obtaining groundwater observation data and the complexity of groundwater flow systems. To this end, agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis was performed on long-term groundwater levels to classify wells in the San Joaquin River Basin, California. A Modified Mann–Kendall (MMK) test was undertaken to detect seasonal groundwater level trends from 1980 to 2019, and the magnitude was calculated using Sen's slope estimator. A nonparametric Standardized Groundwater level Index (SGI) was used to quantify the characteristics of groundwater drought. Results show that long-term (40-year) temporal patterns in groundwater levels varied significantly over the San Joaquin River Basin. Significantly decreasing trends were observed among more than 34.6% of wells, with an average decline of 0.69 m/year. Wells suffered frequent and severe groundwater droughts in the last decade, which were mainly driven by heavy groundwater exploitation. Findings provide useful information about the long-term behavior of regional groundwater levels, which in turn help stakeholders monitor droughts and adapt groundwater management strategies.
HIGHLIGHTS
The long-term temporal patterns in groundwater levels were efficiently measured.;
Characteristics of groundwater drought in the San Joaquin River Basin were quantified through the SGI.;
Groundwater droughts varied significantly in space and time.;
Heavy groundwater abstraction mainly drives groundwater drought.; |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T16:01:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-28393027bc884801aa7effcbc535c555 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1998-9563 2224-7955 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T16:01:38Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | IWA Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Hydrology Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-28393027bc884801aa7effcbc535c5552022-12-22T01:42:23ZengIWA PublishingHydrology Research1998-95632224-79552022-07-015371031104610.2166/nh.2022.048048Groundwater levels hierarchical clustering and regional groundwater drought assessment in heavily drafted aquifersJina Yin0Josué Medellín-Azuara1Alvar Escriva-Bou2 State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA Water Policy Center, Public Policy Institute of California, 500 Washington Street, Suite 600, San Francisco, CA 94111, USA Groundwater overexploitation along with decreasing precipitation exacerbates groundwater level decline and causes groundwater drought. Efficient assessment of the drought is critical to water management, especially in drought-prone agriculture regions. It remains challenging to characterize groundwater drought quantitatively due to the difficulty in obtaining groundwater observation data and the complexity of groundwater flow systems. To this end, agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis was performed on long-term groundwater levels to classify wells in the San Joaquin River Basin, California. A Modified Mann–Kendall (MMK) test was undertaken to detect seasonal groundwater level trends from 1980 to 2019, and the magnitude was calculated using Sen's slope estimator. A nonparametric Standardized Groundwater level Index (SGI) was used to quantify the characteristics of groundwater drought. Results show that long-term (40-year) temporal patterns in groundwater levels varied significantly over the San Joaquin River Basin. Significantly decreasing trends were observed among more than 34.6% of wells, with an average decline of 0.69 m/year. Wells suffered frequent and severe groundwater droughts in the last decade, which were mainly driven by heavy groundwater exploitation. Findings provide useful information about the long-term behavior of regional groundwater levels, which in turn help stakeholders monitor droughts and adapt groundwater management strategies. HIGHLIGHTS The long-term temporal patterns in groundwater levels were efficiently measured.; Characteristics of groundwater drought in the San Joaquin River Basin were quantified through the SGI.; Groundwater droughts varied significantly in space and time.; Heavy groundwater abstraction mainly drives groundwater drought.;http://hr.iwaponline.com/content/53/7/1031groundwater droughthierarchical cluster analysismodified mann–kendall testsen's slopestandardized groundwater level index |
| spellingShingle | Jina Yin Josué Medellín-Azuara Alvar Escriva-Bou Groundwater levels hierarchical clustering and regional groundwater drought assessment in heavily drafted aquifers Hydrology Research groundwater drought hierarchical cluster analysis modified mann–kendall test sen's slope standardized groundwater level index |
| title | Groundwater levels hierarchical clustering and regional groundwater drought assessment in heavily drafted aquifers |
| title_full | Groundwater levels hierarchical clustering and regional groundwater drought assessment in heavily drafted aquifers |
| title_fullStr | Groundwater levels hierarchical clustering and regional groundwater drought assessment in heavily drafted aquifers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Groundwater levels hierarchical clustering and regional groundwater drought assessment in heavily drafted aquifers |
| title_short | Groundwater levels hierarchical clustering and regional groundwater drought assessment in heavily drafted aquifers |
| title_sort | groundwater levels hierarchical clustering and regional groundwater drought assessment in heavily drafted aquifers |
| topic | groundwater drought hierarchical cluster analysis modified mann–kendall test sen's slope standardized groundwater level index |
| url | http://hr.iwaponline.com/content/53/7/1031 |
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