Evaluation of the Multimycotoxin-Degrading Efficiency of <i>Rhodococcus erythropolis</i> NI1 Strain with the Three-Step Zebrafish Microinjection Method
The multimycotoxin-degrading efficiency of the <i>Rhodococcus erythropolis</i> NI1 strain was investigated with a previously developed three-step method. NI1 bacterial metabolites, single and combined mycotoxins and their NI1 degradation products, were injected into one cell stage zebraf...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/2/724 |
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| author | Edina Garai Anita Risa Emese Varga Mátyás Cserháti Balázs Kriszt Béla Urbányi Zsolt Csenki |
| author_facet | Edina Garai Anita Risa Emese Varga Mátyás Cserháti Balázs Kriszt Béla Urbányi Zsolt Csenki |
| author_sort | Edina Garai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The multimycotoxin-degrading efficiency of the <i>Rhodococcus erythropolis</i> NI1 strain was investigated with a previously developed three-step method. NI1 bacterial metabolites, single and combined mycotoxins and their NI1 degradation products, were injected into one cell stage zebrafish embryos in the same doses. Toxic and interaction effects were supplemented with UHPLC-MS/MS measurement of toxin concentrations. Results showed that the NI1 strain was able to degrade mycotoxins and their mixtures in different proportions, where a higher ratio of mycotoxins were reduced in combination than single ones. The NI1 strain reduced the toxic effects of mycotoxins and mixtures, except for the AFB1+T-2 mixture. Degradation products of the AFB1+T-2 mixture by the NI1 strain were more toxic than the initial AFB1+T-2 mixture, while the analytical results showed very high degradation, which means that the NI1 strain degraded this mixture to toxic degradation products. The NI1 strain was able to detoxify the AFB1, ZEN, T-2 toxins and mixtures (except for AFB1+T-2 mixture) during the degradation experiments, which means that the NI1 strain degraded these to non-toxic degradation products. The results demonstrate that single exposures of mycotoxins were very toxic. The combined exposure of mycotoxins had synergistic effects, except for ZEN+T-2 and AFB1+ZEN +T-2, whose mixtures had very strong antagonistic effects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:57:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-283ac934aa8241ba82a4b77ec6714432 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:57:54Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-283ac934aa8241ba82a4b77ec67144322023-12-03T13:03:07ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-01-0122272410.3390/ijms22020724Evaluation of the Multimycotoxin-Degrading Efficiency of <i>Rhodococcus erythropolis</i> NI1 Strain with the Three-Step Zebrafish Microinjection MethodEdina Garai0Anita Risa1Emese Varga2Mátyás Cserháti3Balázs Kriszt4Béla Urbányi5Zsolt Csenki6Department of Aquaculture, Institute for Conservation of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, H-2100 Gödöllő, HungaryInstitute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, HungaryDepartment of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, H-1118 Budapest, HungaryInstitute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, HungaryInstitute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, HungaryDepartment of Aquaculture, Institute for Conservation of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, H-2100 Gödöllő, HungaryDepartment of Aquaculture, Institute for Conservation of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, H-2100 Gödöllő, HungaryThe multimycotoxin-degrading efficiency of the <i>Rhodococcus erythropolis</i> NI1 strain was investigated with a previously developed three-step method. NI1 bacterial metabolites, single and combined mycotoxins and their NI1 degradation products, were injected into one cell stage zebrafish embryos in the same doses. Toxic and interaction effects were supplemented with UHPLC-MS/MS measurement of toxin concentrations. Results showed that the NI1 strain was able to degrade mycotoxins and their mixtures in different proportions, where a higher ratio of mycotoxins were reduced in combination than single ones. The NI1 strain reduced the toxic effects of mycotoxins and mixtures, except for the AFB1+T-2 mixture. Degradation products of the AFB1+T-2 mixture by the NI1 strain were more toxic than the initial AFB1+T-2 mixture, while the analytical results showed very high degradation, which means that the NI1 strain degraded this mixture to toxic degradation products. The NI1 strain was able to detoxify the AFB1, ZEN, T-2 toxins and mixtures (except for AFB1+T-2 mixture) during the degradation experiments, which means that the NI1 strain degraded these to non-toxic degradation products. The results demonstrate that single exposures of mycotoxins were very toxic. The combined exposure of mycotoxins had synergistic effects, except for ZEN+T-2 and AFB1+ZEN +T-2, whose mixtures had very strong antagonistic effects.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/2/724aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub>T-2zearalenonecombined exposurecombined toxicity |
| spellingShingle | Edina Garai Anita Risa Emese Varga Mátyás Cserháti Balázs Kriszt Béla Urbányi Zsolt Csenki Evaluation of the Multimycotoxin-Degrading Efficiency of <i>Rhodococcus erythropolis</i> NI1 Strain with the Three-Step Zebrafish Microinjection Method International Journal of Molecular Sciences aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> T-2 zearalenone combined exposure combined toxicity |
| title | Evaluation of the Multimycotoxin-Degrading Efficiency of <i>Rhodococcus erythropolis</i> NI1 Strain with the Three-Step Zebrafish Microinjection Method |
| title_full | Evaluation of the Multimycotoxin-Degrading Efficiency of <i>Rhodococcus erythropolis</i> NI1 Strain with the Three-Step Zebrafish Microinjection Method |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of the Multimycotoxin-Degrading Efficiency of <i>Rhodococcus erythropolis</i> NI1 Strain with the Three-Step Zebrafish Microinjection Method |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of the Multimycotoxin-Degrading Efficiency of <i>Rhodococcus erythropolis</i> NI1 Strain with the Three-Step Zebrafish Microinjection Method |
| title_short | Evaluation of the Multimycotoxin-Degrading Efficiency of <i>Rhodococcus erythropolis</i> NI1 Strain with the Three-Step Zebrafish Microinjection Method |
| title_sort | evaluation of the multimycotoxin degrading efficiency of i rhodococcus erythropolis i ni1 strain with the three step zebrafish microinjection method |
| topic | aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> T-2 zearalenone combined exposure combined toxicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/2/724 |
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