Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15) Levels Associate with Lower Survival in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with COVID-19
A cytokine storm drives the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 infection and several biomarkers have been linked to mortality. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) emerged as a risk factor for severe COVID-19. We investigated the association between selected biomarkers and mortality in 77 patients hospitalized...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/12/3251 |
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| author | Andrea Galassi Paola Ciceri Valeria Bono Lorenza Magagnoli Matteo Sala Luisa Artioli Roberta Rovito Mohamad Hadla Vaibhav Yellenki Antonella D’Arminio Monforte Camilla Tincati Mario Cozzolino Giulia Marchetti |
| author_facet | Andrea Galassi Paola Ciceri Valeria Bono Lorenza Magagnoli Matteo Sala Luisa Artioli Roberta Rovito Mohamad Hadla Vaibhav Yellenki Antonella D’Arminio Monforte Camilla Tincati Mario Cozzolino Giulia Marchetti |
| author_sort | Andrea Galassi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A cytokine storm drives the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 infection and several biomarkers have been linked to mortality. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) emerged as a risk factor for severe COVID-19. We investigated the association between selected biomarkers and mortality in 77 patients hospitalized for COVID-19, and whether they differ in patients with eGFR higher and lower than 45 mL/min. The association between patients’ characteristics, plasma biomarkers and mortality was conducted by univariate logistic regression models and independent predictors of mortality were then used to create a multivariate prediction model through Cox regression. Patients with lower eGFR had a significant increase of GDF-15, CD-25 and RAGE, with higher plasma levels in non-survivors and in patients who needed ventilation. At univariate analysis, low and mid-low GDF-15 quartiles (<4.45 ng/mL) were associated with lower mortality risk, while mid-high and high quartiles (>4.45 ng/mL) were associated with higher mortality risk. Independent association between GDF-15 quartiles and mortality risk was confirmed in the Cox model and adjusted for eGFR, age, fever and dyspnea (HR 2.28, CI 1.53–3.39, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). The strength of the association between GDF-15 quartiles and mortality risk increased in patients with lower compared to higher eGFR (HR 2.53, CI 1.34–4.79 versus HR 1.99, CI 1.17–3.39). Our findings may suggest a further investigation of the effect of GDF-15 signaling pathway inhibition in CKD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:16:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-284676ebfa1b4715bee8e875b55bce88 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:16:58Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-284676ebfa1b4715bee8e875b55bce882023-11-24T13:29:28ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592022-12-011012325110.3390/biomedicines10123251Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15) Levels Associate with Lower Survival in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with COVID-19Andrea Galassi0Paola Ciceri1Valeria Bono2Lorenza Magagnoli3Matteo Sala4Luisa Artioli5Roberta Rovito6Mohamad Hadla7Vaibhav Yellenki8Antonella D’Arminio Monforte9Camilla Tincati10Mario Cozzolino11Giulia Marchetti12Department of Health Sciences, Renal Division, University of Milan, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, Renal Division, University of Milan, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Milan, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, Renal Division, University of Milan, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Milan, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, Renal Division, University of Milan, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Milan, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Milan, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Milan, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Milan, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Milan, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, Renal Division, University of Milan, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Milan, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, ItalyA cytokine storm drives the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 infection and several biomarkers have been linked to mortality. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) emerged as a risk factor for severe COVID-19. We investigated the association between selected biomarkers and mortality in 77 patients hospitalized for COVID-19, and whether they differ in patients with eGFR higher and lower than 45 mL/min. The association between patients’ characteristics, plasma biomarkers and mortality was conducted by univariate logistic regression models and independent predictors of mortality were then used to create a multivariate prediction model through Cox regression. Patients with lower eGFR had a significant increase of GDF-15, CD-25 and RAGE, with higher plasma levels in non-survivors and in patients who needed ventilation. At univariate analysis, low and mid-low GDF-15 quartiles (<4.45 ng/mL) were associated with lower mortality risk, while mid-high and high quartiles (>4.45 ng/mL) were associated with higher mortality risk. Independent association between GDF-15 quartiles and mortality risk was confirmed in the Cox model and adjusted for eGFR, age, fever and dyspnea (HR 2.28, CI 1.53–3.39, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). The strength of the association between GDF-15 quartiles and mortality risk increased in patients with lower compared to higher eGFR (HR 2.53, CI 1.34–4.79 versus HR 1.99, CI 1.17–3.39). Our findings may suggest a further investigation of the effect of GDF-15 signaling pathway inhibition in CKD.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/12/3251CKDCOVID-19GDF-15mortality |
| spellingShingle | Andrea Galassi Paola Ciceri Valeria Bono Lorenza Magagnoli Matteo Sala Luisa Artioli Roberta Rovito Mohamad Hadla Vaibhav Yellenki Antonella D’Arminio Monforte Camilla Tincati Mario Cozzolino Giulia Marchetti Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15) Levels Associate with Lower Survival in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with COVID-19 Biomedicines CKD COVID-19 GDF-15 mortality |
| title | Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15) Levels Associate with Lower Survival in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with COVID-19 |
| title_full | Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15) Levels Associate with Lower Survival in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with COVID-19 |
| title_fullStr | Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15) Levels Associate with Lower Survival in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with COVID-19 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15) Levels Associate with Lower Survival in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with COVID-19 |
| title_short | Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15) Levels Associate with Lower Survival in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with COVID-19 |
| title_sort | growth differentiation factor 15 gdf 15 levels associate with lower survival in chronic kidney disease patients with covid 19 |
| topic | CKD COVID-19 GDF-15 mortality |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/12/3251 |
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