The Effect of Sand Exercise Program on Knee Muscle Co-contraction in Runners With Over-pronated Feet During Running
Purpose: Over-pronated foot (OPF) is a common abnormality of the foot. Sand can change lower limb muscle activities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a sand exercise program on knee muscle co-contraction in runners with OPF. Methods: Thirty individuals (age range: 18–26...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Negah Institute for Scientific Communication
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Physical Treatments |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-582-en.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797367247978627072 |
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| author | Amir Fatollahi Amir Ali Jafarnezhadgero Hamed Sheikhalizade |
| author_facet | Amir Fatollahi Amir Ali Jafarnezhadgero Hamed Sheikhalizade |
| author_sort | Amir Fatollahi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Purpose: Over-pronated foot (OPF) is a common abnormality of the foot. Sand can change lower limb muscle activities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a sand exercise program on knee muscle co-contraction in runners with OPF.
Methods: Thirty individuals (age range: 18–26 years) with OPF were randomly allocated to the equally sized control and experimental groups. The experimental group performed a sand running exercise protocol for eight weeks. Muscle activities were recorded using an electromyography system. Two variables, including directed co-contraction and general co-contraction, were calculated before and after training programs.
Results: In the experimental group, lower directed vastus lateralis/vastus medialis co-contraction, greater general knee co-contraction, and directed medial/lateral knee co-contraction during the mid-stance and push-off phases were found at the post-test compared to the pre-test (P<0.017). Irrespective of the time, greater directed medial/lateral knee co-contraction during the push-off phase was observed in the experimental group (P=0.043).
Conclusion: Sand can be used as a suitable surface for training, as increased muscle co-activation is required to make postural adjustments during running. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T17:15:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-28491a5690324737b2b830c4d2d2a96e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2423-5830 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T17:15:33Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Negah Institute for Scientific Communication |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Physical Treatments |
| spelling | doaj.art-28491a5690324737b2b830c4d2d2a96e2024-01-03T13:39:05ZengNegah Institute for Scientific CommunicationPhysical Treatments2423-58302023-10-01134215224The Effect of Sand Exercise Program on Knee Muscle Co-contraction in Runners With Over-pronated Feet During RunningAmir Fatollahi0Amir Ali Jafarnezhadgero1Hamed Sheikhalizade2 Department of Sport Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Department of Sport Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Department of Sport Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Purpose: Over-pronated foot (OPF) is a common abnormality of the foot. Sand can change lower limb muscle activities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a sand exercise program on knee muscle co-contraction in runners with OPF. Methods: Thirty individuals (age range: 18–26 years) with OPF were randomly allocated to the equally sized control and experimental groups. The experimental group performed a sand running exercise protocol for eight weeks. Muscle activities were recorded using an electromyography system. Two variables, including directed co-contraction and general co-contraction, were calculated before and after training programs. Results: In the experimental group, lower directed vastus lateralis/vastus medialis co-contraction, greater general knee co-contraction, and directed medial/lateral knee co-contraction during the mid-stance and push-off phases were found at the post-test compared to the pre-test (P<0.017). Irrespective of the time, greater directed medial/lateral knee co-contraction during the push-off phase was observed in the experimental group (P=0.043). Conclusion: Sand can be used as a suitable surface for training, as increased muscle co-activation is required to make postural adjustments during running.http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-582-en.pdfover-pronated footco-contractionsand exerciserunning |
| spellingShingle | Amir Fatollahi Amir Ali Jafarnezhadgero Hamed Sheikhalizade The Effect of Sand Exercise Program on Knee Muscle Co-contraction in Runners With Over-pronated Feet During Running Physical Treatments over-pronated foot co-contraction sand exercise running |
| title | The Effect of Sand Exercise Program on Knee Muscle Co-contraction in Runners With Over-pronated Feet During Running |
| title_full | The Effect of Sand Exercise Program on Knee Muscle Co-contraction in Runners With Over-pronated Feet During Running |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Sand Exercise Program on Knee Muscle Co-contraction in Runners With Over-pronated Feet During Running |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Sand Exercise Program on Knee Muscle Co-contraction in Runners With Over-pronated Feet During Running |
| title_short | The Effect of Sand Exercise Program on Knee Muscle Co-contraction in Runners With Over-pronated Feet During Running |
| title_sort | effect of sand exercise program on knee muscle co contraction in runners with over pronated feet during running |
| topic | over-pronated foot co-contraction sand exercise running |
| url | http://ptj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-582-en.pdf |
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