Algal Blooms and Cyanotoxins in Jordan Lake, North Carolina
The eutrophication of waterways has led to a rise in cyanobacterial, harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) worldwide. The deterioration of water quality due to excess algal biomass in lakes has been well documented (e.g., water clarity, hypoxic conditions), but health risks associated with cyanotoxins re...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-02-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/10/2/92 |
| _version_ | 1817994318667841536 |
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| author | Daniel Wiltsie Astrid Schnetzer Jason Green Mark Vander Borgh Elizabeth Fensin |
| author_facet | Daniel Wiltsie Astrid Schnetzer Jason Green Mark Vander Borgh Elizabeth Fensin |
| author_sort | Daniel Wiltsie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The eutrophication of waterways has led to a rise in cyanobacterial, harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) worldwide. The deterioration of water quality due to excess algal biomass in lakes has been well documented (e.g., water clarity, hypoxic conditions), but health risks associated with cyanotoxins remain largely unexplored in the absence of toxin information. This study is the first to document the presence of dissolved microcystin, anatoxin-a, cylindrospermopsin, and β-N-methylamino-l-alanine in Jordan Lake, a major drinking water reservoir in North Carolina. Saxitoxin presence was not confirmed. Multiple toxins were detected at 86% of the tested sites and during 44% of the sampling events between 2014 and 2016. Although concentrations were low, continued exposure of organisms to multiple toxins raises some concerns. A combination of discrete sampling and in-situ tracking (Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking [SPATT]) revealed that microcystin and anatoxin were the most pervasive year-round. Between 2011 and 2016, summer and fall blooms were dominated by the same cyanobacterial genera, all of which are suggested producers of single or multiple cyanotoxins. The study’s findings provide further evidence of the ubiquitous nature of cyanotoxins, and the challenges involved in linking CyanoHAB dynamics to specific environmental forcing factors are discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T01:51:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-284a427c601645b9ba3fa849c49fb314 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T01:51:21Z |
| publishDate | 2018-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-284a427c601645b9ba3fa849c49fb3142022-12-22T02:19:20ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512018-02-011029210.3390/toxins10020092toxins10020092Algal Blooms and Cyanotoxins in Jordan Lake, North CarolinaDaniel Wiltsie0Astrid Schnetzer1Jason Green2Mark Vander Borgh3Elizabeth Fensin4Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USADepartment of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USANorth Carolina Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Resources, Raleigh, NC 27699, USANorth Carolina Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Resources, Raleigh, NC 27699, USANorth Carolina Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Resources, Raleigh, NC 27699, USAThe eutrophication of waterways has led to a rise in cyanobacterial, harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) worldwide. The deterioration of water quality due to excess algal biomass in lakes has been well documented (e.g., water clarity, hypoxic conditions), but health risks associated with cyanotoxins remain largely unexplored in the absence of toxin information. This study is the first to document the presence of dissolved microcystin, anatoxin-a, cylindrospermopsin, and β-N-methylamino-l-alanine in Jordan Lake, a major drinking water reservoir in North Carolina. Saxitoxin presence was not confirmed. Multiple toxins were detected at 86% of the tested sites and during 44% of the sampling events between 2014 and 2016. Although concentrations were low, continued exposure of organisms to multiple toxins raises some concerns. A combination of discrete sampling and in-situ tracking (Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking [SPATT]) revealed that microcystin and anatoxin were the most pervasive year-round. Between 2011 and 2016, summer and fall blooms were dominated by the same cyanobacterial genera, all of which are suggested producers of single or multiple cyanotoxins. The study’s findings provide further evidence of the ubiquitous nature of cyanotoxins, and the challenges involved in linking CyanoHAB dynamics to specific environmental forcing factors are discussed.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/10/2/92freshwater bloomscyanobacteriacyanotoxinsmicrocystinanatoxin-aBMAANorth CarolinaSPATTwater quality |
| spellingShingle | Daniel Wiltsie Astrid Schnetzer Jason Green Mark Vander Borgh Elizabeth Fensin Algal Blooms and Cyanotoxins in Jordan Lake, North Carolina Toxins freshwater blooms cyanobacteria cyanotoxins microcystin anatoxin-a BMAA North Carolina SPATT water quality |
| title | Algal Blooms and Cyanotoxins in Jordan Lake, North Carolina |
| title_full | Algal Blooms and Cyanotoxins in Jordan Lake, North Carolina |
| title_fullStr | Algal Blooms and Cyanotoxins in Jordan Lake, North Carolina |
| title_full_unstemmed | Algal Blooms and Cyanotoxins in Jordan Lake, North Carolina |
| title_short | Algal Blooms and Cyanotoxins in Jordan Lake, North Carolina |
| title_sort | algal blooms and cyanotoxins in jordan lake north carolina |
| topic | freshwater blooms cyanobacteria cyanotoxins microcystin anatoxin-a BMAA North Carolina SPATT water quality |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/10/2/92 |
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