Evaluation of urine concentrations of amoxicillin and clavulanate in cats
Abstract Background To characterize urinary isolates, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) uses an amoxicillin breakpoint for cats based on plasma (not urine) drug concentrations (≤0.25 μg/mL), but a urine‐specific breakpoint for dogs exists (≤8 μg/mL). Objectives To measure urine...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15991 |
| _version_ | 1811182112419610624 |
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| author | Kate KuKanich Kallie Woodruff Zackery Bieberly Mark G. Papich Butch KuKanich |
| author_facet | Kate KuKanich Kallie Woodruff Zackery Bieberly Mark G. Papich Butch KuKanich |
| author_sort | Kate KuKanich |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background To characterize urinary isolates, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) uses an amoxicillin breakpoint for cats based on plasma (not urine) drug concentrations (≤0.25 μg/mL), but a urine‐specific breakpoint for dogs exists (≤8 μg/mL). Objectives To measure urine concentrations of amoxicillin and clavulanate after PO administration of amoxicillin‐clavulanate to cats, and to suggest updated urine‐specific susceptibility breakpoints for PO amoxicillin and amoxicillin‐clavulanate in cats. Animals Eleven healthy purpose‐bred cats. Methods Cats were given 3 62.5 mg doses of amoxicillin‐clavulanate PO q12h. After the third dose, urine was collected over 28 hours, recording urination time and volume. At least 3 urine samples were collected per cat. Liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry was used to determine the urine concentrations of amoxicillin and clavulanate. Results Amoxicillin concentrations were >8 μg/mL in all urine samples collected within 12 hours after administration (range, 31.6‐1351 μg/mL), with means of 929 μg/mL (0‐6 hours) and 532 μg/mL (6‐12 hours). The mean half‐life of amoxicillin in urine was 1.99 hours, and mean recovery was 30%. Clavulanate was detected in all urine samples, with mean half‐life of 2.17 hours. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Orally administered amoxicillin‐clavulanate resulted in urine amoxicillin concentrations above the cutoff (8 μg/mL) for wild‐type Escherichia coli in all cats. Because urine‐specific susceptibility testing breakpoints can be determined using urine concentrations, this information should allow new CLSI uropathogen susceptibility breakpoints for amoxicillin and amoxicillin‐clavulanate in healthy cats, increasing the urine breakpoint from ≤0.25 to ≤8 μg/mL. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T09:27:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-284def8a485a4b6284e662fb83af9141 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0891-6640 1939-1676 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T09:27:37Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-284def8a485a4b6284e662fb83af91412022-12-22T04:31:59ZengWileyJournal of Veterinary Internal Medicine0891-66401939-16762021-01-0135145646110.1111/jvim.15991Evaluation of urine concentrations of amoxicillin and clavulanate in catsKate KuKanich0Kallie Woodruff1Zackery Bieberly2Mark G. Papich3Butch KuKanich4Department of Clinical Sciences Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine Manhattan Kansas USADepartment of Clinical Sciences Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine Manhattan Kansas USADepartment of Clinical Sciences Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine Manhattan Kansas USADepartment of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USADepartment of Anatomy and Physiology Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine Manhattan Kansas USAAbstract Background To characterize urinary isolates, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) uses an amoxicillin breakpoint for cats based on plasma (not urine) drug concentrations (≤0.25 μg/mL), but a urine‐specific breakpoint for dogs exists (≤8 μg/mL). Objectives To measure urine concentrations of amoxicillin and clavulanate after PO administration of amoxicillin‐clavulanate to cats, and to suggest updated urine‐specific susceptibility breakpoints for PO amoxicillin and amoxicillin‐clavulanate in cats. Animals Eleven healthy purpose‐bred cats. Methods Cats were given 3 62.5 mg doses of amoxicillin‐clavulanate PO q12h. After the third dose, urine was collected over 28 hours, recording urination time and volume. At least 3 urine samples were collected per cat. Liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry was used to determine the urine concentrations of amoxicillin and clavulanate. Results Amoxicillin concentrations were >8 μg/mL in all urine samples collected within 12 hours after administration (range, 31.6‐1351 μg/mL), with means of 929 μg/mL (0‐6 hours) and 532 μg/mL (6‐12 hours). The mean half‐life of amoxicillin in urine was 1.99 hours, and mean recovery was 30%. Clavulanate was detected in all urine samples, with mean half‐life of 2.17 hours. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Orally administered amoxicillin‐clavulanate resulted in urine amoxicillin concentrations above the cutoff (8 μg/mL) for wild‐type Escherichia coli in all cats. Because urine‐specific susceptibility testing breakpoints can be determined using urine concentrations, this information should allow new CLSI uropathogen susceptibility breakpoints for amoxicillin and amoxicillin‐clavulanate in healthy cats, increasing the urine breakpoint from ≤0.25 to ≤8 μg/mL.https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15991antimicrobialpharmacokineticstewardshipurinary tract infection |
| spellingShingle | Kate KuKanich Kallie Woodruff Zackery Bieberly Mark G. Papich Butch KuKanich Evaluation of urine concentrations of amoxicillin and clavulanate in cats Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine antimicrobial pharmacokinetic stewardship urinary tract infection |
| title | Evaluation of urine concentrations of amoxicillin and clavulanate in cats |
| title_full | Evaluation of urine concentrations of amoxicillin and clavulanate in cats |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of urine concentrations of amoxicillin and clavulanate in cats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of urine concentrations of amoxicillin and clavulanate in cats |
| title_short | Evaluation of urine concentrations of amoxicillin and clavulanate in cats |
| title_sort | evaluation of urine concentrations of amoxicillin and clavulanate in cats |
| topic | antimicrobial pharmacokinetic stewardship urinary tract infection |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15991 |
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