Changes in DMI, SDHI, and QoI Fungicide Sensitivity in the Estonian <i>Zymoseptoria tritici</i> Population between 2019 and 2020
<i>Zymoseptoria tritici</i> (<i>Zt</i>) populations adapt under the selection pressure of fungicides applied for disease control. The primary objective of this study was to assess fungicide sensitivity in the Estonian <i>Zt</i> population. A total of 282 <i>...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-04-01
|
| Series: | Microorganisms |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/4/814 |
| _version_ | 1797537907787956224 |
|---|---|
| author | Riinu Kiiker Marite Juurik Thies Marten Heick Andres Mäe |
| author_facet | Riinu Kiiker Marite Juurik Thies Marten Heick Andres Mäe |
| author_sort | Riinu Kiiker |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Zymoseptoria tritici</i> (<i>Zt</i>) populations adapt under the selection pressure of fungicides applied for disease control. The primary objective of this study was to assess fungicide sensitivity in the Estonian <i>Zt</i> population. A total of 282 <i>Zt</i> isolates from 2019 and 2020 were tested for sensitivity to azoles (DMIs; prothioconazole-desthio, epoxiconazole, mefentrifluconazole) and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs; boscalid, fluxapyroxad). The efficacy of the tested fungicides varied considerably between the Estonian counties, but the <i>Zt</i> population is mainly sensitive to DMIs. Additionally, the frequencies of <i>CYP51</i> gene alterations varied; D134G, V136C, A379G, and S524T had increased, but V136A and I381V showed a moderate decrease in 2020 in comparison to 2019. Sensitivity to SDHIs was stable, but boscalid was less effective than fluxapyroxad. SdhC gene mutations C-T33N, C-T34N, and C-N86S were common, but not linked with SDHI fungicide sensitivity assay results. Otherwise, mutation B-N225I in the SdhB subunit occurred in isolates with reduced sensitivity to SDHIs. Sensitivity to strobilurins was evaluated by the mutation G143A in the <i>CytB</i> gene, which was present in nearly half of the population. The data presented confirm the ongoing evolution of fungicide sensitivity in the <i>Zt</i> population in Estonia and highlight the importance of knowledge-based decisions for optimizing anti-resistance strategies in the field. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:22:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-284e2ceed8bb419083210281215d1aef |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:22:55Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-284e2ceed8bb419083210281215d1aef2023-11-21T15:16:14ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072021-04-019481410.3390/microorganisms9040814Changes in DMI, SDHI, and QoI Fungicide Sensitivity in the Estonian <i>Zymoseptoria tritici</i> Population between 2019 and 2020Riinu Kiiker0Marite Juurik1Thies Marten Heick2Andres Mäe3Department of Plant Protection, Estonian Crop Research Institute, 48309 Jõgeva, EstoniaDepartment of Plant Protection, Estonian Crop Research Institute, 48309 Jõgeva, EstoniaDepartment of Agroecology, Aarhus University, 4200 Slagelse, DenmarkDepartment of Plant Protection, Estonian Crop Research Institute, 48309 Jõgeva, Estonia<i>Zymoseptoria tritici</i> (<i>Zt</i>) populations adapt under the selection pressure of fungicides applied for disease control. The primary objective of this study was to assess fungicide sensitivity in the Estonian <i>Zt</i> population. A total of 282 <i>Zt</i> isolates from 2019 and 2020 were tested for sensitivity to azoles (DMIs; prothioconazole-desthio, epoxiconazole, mefentrifluconazole) and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs; boscalid, fluxapyroxad). The efficacy of the tested fungicides varied considerably between the Estonian counties, but the <i>Zt</i> population is mainly sensitive to DMIs. Additionally, the frequencies of <i>CYP51</i> gene alterations varied; D134G, V136C, A379G, and S524T had increased, but V136A and I381V showed a moderate decrease in 2020 in comparison to 2019. Sensitivity to SDHIs was stable, but boscalid was less effective than fluxapyroxad. SdhC gene mutations C-T33N, C-T34N, and C-N86S were common, but not linked with SDHI fungicide sensitivity assay results. Otherwise, mutation B-N225I in the SdhB subunit occurred in isolates with reduced sensitivity to SDHIs. Sensitivity to strobilurins was evaluated by the mutation G143A in the <i>CytB</i> gene, which was present in nearly half of the population. The data presented confirm the ongoing evolution of fungicide sensitivity in the <i>Zt</i> population in Estonia and highlight the importance of knowledge-based decisions for optimizing anti-resistance strategies in the field.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/4/814septoria tritici blotchfungicide target proteinsCYP51 geneazoles |
| spellingShingle | Riinu Kiiker Marite Juurik Thies Marten Heick Andres Mäe Changes in DMI, SDHI, and QoI Fungicide Sensitivity in the Estonian <i>Zymoseptoria tritici</i> Population between 2019 and 2020 Microorganisms septoria tritici blotch fungicide target proteins CYP51 gene azoles |
| title | Changes in DMI, SDHI, and QoI Fungicide Sensitivity in the Estonian <i>Zymoseptoria tritici</i> Population between 2019 and 2020 |
| title_full | Changes in DMI, SDHI, and QoI Fungicide Sensitivity in the Estonian <i>Zymoseptoria tritici</i> Population between 2019 and 2020 |
| title_fullStr | Changes in DMI, SDHI, and QoI Fungicide Sensitivity in the Estonian <i>Zymoseptoria tritici</i> Population between 2019 and 2020 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Changes in DMI, SDHI, and QoI Fungicide Sensitivity in the Estonian <i>Zymoseptoria tritici</i> Population between 2019 and 2020 |
| title_short | Changes in DMI, SDHI, and QoI Fungicide Sensitivity in the Estonian <i>Zymoseptoria tritici</i> Population between 2019 and 2020 |
| title_sort | changes in dmi sdhi and qoi fungicide sensitivity in the estonian i zymoseptoria tritici i population between 2019 and 2020 |
| topic | septoria tritici blotch fungicide target proteins CYP51 gene azoles |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/4/814 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT riinukiiker changesindmisdhiandqoifungicidesensitivityintheestonianizymoseptoriatriticiipopulationbetween2019and2020 AT maritejuurik changesindmisdhiandqoifungicidesensitivityintheestonianizymoseptoriatriticiipopulationbetween2019and2020 AT thiesmartenheick changesindmisdhiandqoifungicidesensitivityintheestonianizymoseptoriatriticiipopulationbetween2019and2020 AT andresmae changesindmisdhiandqoifungicidesensitivityintheestonianizymoseptoriatriticiipopulationbetween2019and2020 |