Rootstocks Influence Yield Precocity, Productivity, and Pre-Harvest Fruit Drop of Mandared Pigmented Mandarin
Citrus fruit quality and scion productivity are influenced by the choice of rootstock. We aimed to evaluate the effect of rootstocks on yield and fruit quality of Mandared, a triploid pigmented mandarin. To do so, we established a rootstock field trial on a high pH soil (8.6) in which Mandared was g...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/9/1305 |
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| author | Marco Caruso Alberto Continella Giulia Modica Claudia Pannitteri Riccardo Russo Fabrizio Salonia Carmen Arlotta Alessandra Gentile Giuseppe Russo |
| author_facet | Marco Caruso Alberto Continella Giulia Modica Claudia Pannitteri Riccardo Russo Fabrizio Salonia Carmen Arlotta Alessandra Gentile Giuseppe Russo |
| author_sort | Marco Caruso |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Citrus fruit quality and scion productivity are influenced by the choice of rootstock. We aimed to evaluate the effect of rootstocks on yield and fruit quality of Mandared, a triploid pigmented mandarin. To do so, we established a rootstock field trial on a high pH soil (8.6) in which Mandared was grafted onto 11 rootstocks. These included some standard rootstocks, such as trifoliate orange ((<i>Poncirus trifoliata</i> (L.) Raf.), Troyer citrange (<i>Citrus sinensis</i> (L.) Osb. × <i>P. trifoliata</i>), Swingle citrumelo (<i>Citrus paradisi</i> Macf. × <i>P. trifoliata</i>), and C35 citrange (<i>C. sinensis</i> × <i>P. trifoliata</i>), as well as new releases from the Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA, Acireale, Italy) and the University of California Riverside (UCR). The cumulative yield was measured over five consecutive years, while fruit quality was analyzed for two years. The trees on C35, C57 (<i>Citrus sunki</i> Hort. ex. Tan. × <i>P. trifoliata</i>), and C22 (<i>C. sunki</i> × <i>P. trifoliata</i>), started to set fruits one year earlier than the others. The trees on C57 provided some of the highest cumulative yields and canopy volumes. The production of Mandared grafted onto C57 was double that of Mandared grafted onto Troyer, while Mandared grafted onto C35 and C22 resulted in the best yield efficiency. The trees on Swingle and C57 significantly reduced the pre-harvest fruit drop, to which Mandared is particularly sensitive. However, grafting Mandared onto Swingle resulted in the highest variation among replicates, probably due to its high sensitivity to iron chlorosis. Most of the fruit quality parameters, such as fruit size, total soluble solids (TSS), and acidity were not significantly different among the rootstock treatments. However, fruits produced by Mandared grafted onto C22 had one of the highest rates of anthocyanin accumulation. The results indicate that C57, C35, and C22 were the most suitable rootstocks for Mandared in South-Eastern Sicily. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:37:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-284e9ada75ba45bdb1f32edb699a5beb |
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| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:37:33Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-284e9ada75ba45bdb1f32edb699a5beb2023-11-20T12:15:05ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952020-09-01109130510.3390/agronomy10091305Rootstocks Influence Yield Precocity, Productivity, and Pre-Harvest Fruit Drop of Mandared Pigmented MandarinMarco Caruso0Alberto Continella1Giulia Modica2Claudia Pannitteri3Riccardo Russo4Fabrizio Salonia5Carmen Arlotta6Alessandra Gentile7Giuseppe Russo8CREA, Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Corso Savoia 190, 95024 Acireale, ItalyDepartment of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, ItalyDepartment of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, ItalyDepartment of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, ItalyCREA, Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Corso Savoia 190, 95024 Acireale, ItalyCREA, Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Corso Savoia 190, 95024 Acireale, ItalyCREA, Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Corso Savoia 190, 95024 Acireale, ItalyDepartment of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, ItalyCREA, Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Corso Savoia 190, 95024 Acireale, ItalyCitrus fruit quality and scion productivity are influenced by the choice of rootstock. We aimed to evaluate the effect of rootstocks on yield and fruit quality of Mandared, a triploid pigmented mandarin. To do so, we established a rootstock field trial on a high pH soil (8.6) in which Mandared was grafted onto 11 rootstocks. These included some standard rootstocks, such as trifoliate orange ((<i>Poncirus trifoliata</i> (L.) Raf.), Troyer citrange (<i>Citrus sinensis</i> (L.) Osb. × <i>P. trifoliata</i>), Swingle citrumelo (<i>Citrus paradisi</i> Macf. × <i>P. trifoliata</i>), and C35 citrange (<i>C. sinensis</i> × <i>P. trifoliata</i>), as well as new releases from the Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA, Acireale, Italy) and the University of California Riverside (UCR). The cumulative yield was measured over five consecutive years, while fruit quality was analyzed for two years. The trees on C35, C57 (<i>Citrus sunki</i> Hort. ex. Tan. × <i>P. trifoliata</i>), and C22 (<i>C. sunki</i> × <i>P. trifoliata</i>), started to set fruits one year earlier than the others. The trees on C57 provided some of the highest cumulative yields and canopy volumes. The production of Mandared grafted onto C57 was double that of Mandared grafted onto Troyer, while Mandared grafted onto C35 and C22 resulted in the best yield efficiency. The trees on Swingle and C57 significantly reduced the pre-harvest fruit drop, to which Mandared is particularly sensitive. However, grafting Mandared onto Swingle resulted in the highest variation among replicates, probably due to its high sensitivity to iron chlorosis. Most of the fruit quality parameters, such as fruit size, total soluble solids (TSS), and acidity were not significantly different among the rootstock treatments. However, fruits produced by Mandared grafted onto C22 had one of the highest rates of anthocyanin accumulation. The results indicate that C57, C35, and C22 were the most suitable rootstocks for Mandared in South-Eastern Sicily.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/9/1305anthocyaninscitrusfruit qualityrootstock/scion combinationyield efficiency |
| spellingShingle | Marco Caruso Alberto Continella Giulia Modica Claudia Pannitteri Riccardo Russo Fabrizio Salonia Carmen Arlotta Alessandra Gentile Giuseppe Russo Rootstocks Influence Yield Precocity, Productivity, and Pre-Harvest Fruit Drop of Mandared Pigmented Mandarin Agronomy anthocyanins citrus fruit quality rootstock/scion combination yield efficiency |
| title | Rootstocks Influence Yield Precocity, Productivity, and Pre-Harvest Fruit Drop of Mandared Pigmented Mandarin |
| title_full | Rootstocks Influence Yield Precocity, Productivity, and Pre-Harvest Fruit Drop of Mandared Pigmented Mandarin |
| title_fullStr | Rootstocks Influence Yield Precocity, Productivity, and Pre-Harvest Fruit Drop of Mandared Pigmented Mandarin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rootstocks Influence Yield Precocity, Productivity, and Pre-Harvest Fruit Drop of Mandared Pigmented Mandarin |
| title_short | Rootstocks Influence Yield Precocity, Productivity, and Pre-Harvest Fruit Drop of Mandared Pigmented Mandarin |
| title_sort | rootstocks influence yield precocity productivity and pre harvest fruit drop of mandared pigmented mandarin |
| topic | anthocyanins citrus fruit quality rootstock/scion combination yield efficiency |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/9/1305 |
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