Multidrug-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> in Jordan
Background: <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> is a common cause of multi-drug (MDR)-resistant infections worldwide. The epidemiological and molecular characteristics of MDR-<i>A. baumannii</i> in Jordan is not known. Methods: <i>A. baumannii</i> isolates were collect...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/5/849 |
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| author | Mohammad Al-Tamimi Hadeel Albalawi Mohamd Alkhawaldeh Abdullah Alazzam Hassan Ramadan Majd Altalalwah Ahmad Alma’aitah Dua’a Al Balawi Sharif Shalabi Jumana Abu-Raideh Ashraf I. Khasawneh Farah Alhaj Kamal Hijawi |
| author_facet | Mohammad Al-Tamimi Hadeel Albalawi Mohamd Alkhawaldeh Abdullah Alazzam Hassan Ramadan Majd Altalalwah Ahmad Alma’aitah Dua’a Al Balawi Sharif Shalabi Jumana Abu-Raideh Ashraf I. Khasawneh Farah Alhaj Kamal Hijawi |
| author_sort | Mohammad Al-Tamimi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> is a common cause of multi-drug (MDR)-resistant infections worldwide. The epidemiological and molecular characteristics of MDR-<i>A. baumannii</i> in Jordan is not known. Methods: <i>A. baumannii</i> isolates were collected from 2010 to 2020 from three tertiary hospitals in Jordan. Demographic and clinical data, isolates information, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, phenotypic, and molecular characterization of carbapenem resistance genes were performed. Results: A total of 622 <i>A. baumannii</i> isolates were collected during the study period. Most isolates were from males, aged 18–60 years, Jordanian, from infected wounds, and were patients in surgery or critical care units. Among patients from whom <i>A. baumannii</i> was isolated, associated risk factors for MDR were adults over 60, males, critically ill patients and infected wounds (OR 4.14, 2.45, 10, 7, respectively, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Incidence rates from 2010 to 2015 showed a slight increase in MDR (3.75/1000 to 4.46/1000). Resistance patterns indicated high resistance for most cephalosporins, carbapenems, and fluoroquinolones, moderate resistance for trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin/sulbactam, low resistance for aminoglycosides and tetracyclines, while colistin and tigecycline, have the lowest resistance rates. 76.8% of <i>A. baumannii</i> isolates were MDR and 99.2% were carbapenem-resistant. All isolates were positive for the OXA-51 gene (100%), 98.5% were positive for the OXA-23 gene, 26.6% for the VIM gene, while KPC and IMP genes were almost not detected (0% and 0.8% respectively). Conclusions: This is the first large, multicentric, prolonged study that provides insights into <i>A. baumannii</i> infections in Jordan. Attention to patients at higher risk is important for early identification. Colistin and tigecycline were the most effective antimicrobials. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:22:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-284ee04af7ac4c8899ca17e4fc0e4709 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:22:49Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-284ee04af7ac4c8899ca17e4fc0e47092023-11-23T12:13:52ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072022-04-0110584910.3390/microorganisms10050849Multidrug-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> in JordanMohammad Al-Tamimi0Hadeel Albalawi1Mohamd Alkhawaldeh2Abdullah Alazzam3Hassan Ramadan4Majd Altalalwah5Ahmad Alma’aitah6Dua’a Al Balawi7Sharif Shalabi8Jumana Abu-Raideh9Ashraf I. Khasawneh10Farah Alhaj11Kamal Hijawi12Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, JordanDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, JordanDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, JordanDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, JordanDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, JordanDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, JordanDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, JordanDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, JordanDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, JordanDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, JordanDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, JordanDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, JordanDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, JordanBackground: <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> is a common cause of multi-drug (MDR)-resistant infections worldwide. The epidemiological and molecular characteristics of MDR-<i>A. baumannii</i> in Jordan is not known. Methods: <i>A. baumannii</i> isolates were collected from 2010 to 2020 from three tertiary hospitals in Jordan. Demographic and clinical data, isolates information, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, phenotypic, and molecular characterization of carbapenem resistance genes were performed. Results: A total of 622 <i>A. baumannii</i> isolates were collected during the study period. Most isolates were from males, aged 18–60 years, Jordanian, from infected wounds, and were patients in surgery or critical care units. Among patients from whom <i>A. baumannii</i> was isolated, associated risk factors for MDR were adults over 60, males, critically ill patients and infected wounds (OR 4.14, 2.45, 10, 7, respectively, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Incidence rates from 2010 to 2015 showed a slight increase in MDR (3.75/1000 to 4.46/1000). Resistance patterns indicated high resistance for most cephalosporins, carbapenems, and fluoroquinolones, moderate resistance for trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin/sulbactam, low resistance for aminoglycosides and tetracyclines, while colistin and tigecycline, have the lowest resistance rates. 76.8% of <i>A. baumannii</i> isolates were MDR and 99.2% were carbapenem-resistant. All isolates were positive for the OXA-51 gene (100%), 98.5% were positive for the OXA-23 gene, 26.6% for the VIM gene, while KPC and IMP genes were almost not detected (0% and 0.8% respectively). Conclusions: This is the first large, multicentric, prolonged study that provides insights into <i>A. baumannii</i> infections in Jordan. Attention to patients at higher risk is important for early identification. Colistin and tigecycline were the most effective antimicrobials.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/5/849multi-drug resistance (MDR)<i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>JordancarbapenemaseOXAVIM |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad Al-Tamimi Hadeel Albalawi Mohamd Alkhawaldeh Abdullah Alazzam Hassan Ramadan Majd Altalalwah Ahmad Alma’aitah Dua’a Al Balawi Sharif Shalabi Jumana Abu-Raideh Ashraf I. Khasawneh Farah Alhaj Kamal Hijawi Multidrug-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> in Jordan Microorganisms multi-drug resistance (MDR) <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Jordan carbapenemase OXA VIM |
| title | Multidrug-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> in Jordan |
| title_full | Multidrug-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> in Jordan |
| title_fullStr | Multidrug-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> in Jordan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multidrug-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> in Jordan |
| title_short | Multidrug-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> in Jordan |
| title_sort | multidrug resistant i acinetobacter baumannii i in jordan |
| topic | multi-drug resistance (MDR) <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Jordan carbapenemase OXA VIM |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/5/849 |
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