Impact of STING Inflammatory Signaling during Intracellular Bacterial Infections
The early detection of bacterial pathogens through immune sensors is an essential step in innate immunity. STING (Stimulator of Interferon Genes) has emerged as a key mediator of inflammation in the setting of infection by connecting pathogen cytosolic recognition with immune responses. STING detect...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/1/74 |
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| author | Erika S. Guimarães Fabio V. Marinho Nina M. G. P. de Queiroz Maísa M. Antunes Sergio C. Oliveira |
| author_facet | Erika S. Guimarães Fabio V. Marinho Nina M. G. P. de Queiroz Maísa M. Antunes Sergio C. Oliveira |
| author_sort | Erika S. Guimarães |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The early detection of bacterial pathogens through immune sensors is an essential step in innate immunity. STING (Stimulator of Interferon Genes) has emerged as a key mediator of inflammation in the setting of infection by connecting pathogen cytosolic recognition with immune responses. STING detects bacteria by directly recognizing cyclic dinucleotides or indirectly by bacterial genomic DNA sensing through the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS). Upon activation, STING triggers a plethora of powerful signaling pathways, including the production of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. STING activation has also been associated with the induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the associated inflammatory responses. Recent reports indicate that STING-dependent pathways participate in the metabolic reprogramming of macrophages and contribute to the establishment and maintenance of a robust inflammatory profile. The induction of this inflammatory state is typically antimicrobial and related to pathogen clearance. However, depending on the infection, STING-mediated immune responses can be detrimental to the host, facilitating bacterial survival, indicating an intricate balance between immune signaling and inflammation during bacterial infections. In this paper, we review recent insights regarding the role of STING in inducing an inflammatory profile upon intracellular bacterial entry in host cells and discuss the impact of STING signaling on the outcome of infection. Unraveling the STING-mediated inflammatory responses can enable a better understanding of the pathogenesis of certain bacterial diseases and reveal the potential of new antimicrobial therapy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:46:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-28563e5626294ad8b49f82e112dd89a3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:46:07Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-28563e5626294ad8b49f82e112dd89a32023-11-23T11:19:48ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092021-12-011117410.3390/cells11010074Impact of STING Inflammatory Signaling during Intracellular Bacterial InfectionsErika S. Guimarães0Fabio V. Marinho1Nina M. G. P. de Queiroz2Maísa M. Antunes3Sergio C. Oliveira4Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, BrazilDepartamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, BrazilDepartamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, BrazilDepartamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, BrazilDepartamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, BrazilThe early detection of bacterial pathogens through immune sensors is an essential step in innate immunity. STING (Stimulator of Interferon Genes) has emerged as a key mediator of inflammation in the setting of infection by connecting pathogen cytosolic recognition with immune responses. STING detects bacteria by directly recognizing cyclic dinucleotides or indirectly by bacterial genomic DNA sensing through the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS). Upon activation, STING triggers a plethora of powerful signaling pathways, including the production of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. STING activation has also been associated with the induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the associated inflammatory responses. Recent reports indicate that STING-dependent pathways participate in the metabolic reprogramming of macrophages and contribute to the establishment and maintenance of a robust inflammatory profile. The induction of this inflammatory state is typically antimicrobial and related to pathogen clearance. However, depending on the infection, STING-mediated immune responses can be detrimental to the host, facilitating bacterial survival, indicating an intricate balance between immune signaling and inflammation during bacterial infections. In this paper, we review recent insights regarding the role of STING in inducing an inflammatory profile upon intracellular bacterial entry in host cells and discuss the impact of STING signaling on the outcome of infection. Unraveling the STING-mediated inflammatory responses can enable a better understanding of the pathogenesis of certain bacterial diseases and reveal the potential of new antimicrobial therapy.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/1/74STINGbacteriatype I interferoninfectioninflammationcyclic dinucleotides |
| spellingShingle | Erika S. Guimarães Fabio V. Marinho Nina M. G. P. de Queiroz Maísa M. Antunes Sergio C. Oliveira Impact of STING Inflammatory Signaling during Intracellular Bacterial Infections Cells STING bacteria type I interferon infection inflammation cyclic dinucleotides |
| title | Impact of STING Inflammatory Signaling during Intracellular Bacterial Infections |
| title_full | Impact of STING Inflammatory Signaling during Intracellular Bacterial Infections |
| title_fullStr | Impact of STING Inflammatory Signaling during Intracellular Bacterial Infections |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of STING Inflammatory Signaling during Intracellular Bacterial Infections |
| title_short | Impact of STING Inflammatory Signaling during Intracellular Bacterial Infections |
| title_sort | impact of sting inflammatory signaling during intracellular bacterial infections |
| topic | STING bacteria type I interferon infection inflammation cyclic dinucleotides |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/1/74 |
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