Formation of Gaps in Self-gravitating Debris Disks by Secular Resonance in a Single-planet System. II. Toward a Self-consistent Model
High-resolution observations of several debris disks reveal structures such as gaps and spirals, suggestive of gravitational perturbations induced by underlying planets. Most existing studies of planet–debris disk interactions ignore the gravity of the disk, treating it as a reservoir of massless pl...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ace68e |
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| author | Antranik A. Sefilian Roman R. Rafikov Mark C. Wyatt |
| author_facet | Antranik A. Sefilian Roman R. Rafikov Mark C. Wyatt |
| author_sort | Antranik A. Sefilian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | High-resolution observations of several debris disks reveal structures such as gaps and spirals, suggestive of gravitational perturbations induced by underlying planets. Most existing studies of planet–debris disk interactions ignore the gravity of the disk, treating it as a reservoir of massless planetesimals. In this paper, we continue our investigation into the long-term interaction between a single eccentric planet and an external, massive debris disk. Building upon our previous work, here we consider not only the axisymmetric component of the disk’s gravitational potential, but also the nonaxisymmetric torque that the disk exerts on the planet (ignoring for now only the nonaxisymmetric component of the disk self -gravity). To this goal, we develop and test a semianalytic “ N -ring” framework that is based on a generalized (softened) version of the classical Laplace–Lagrange secular theory. Using this tool, we demonstrate that even when the disk is less massive than the planet, not only can a secular resonance be established within the disk that leads to the formation of a wide gap, but that the very same resonance also damps the planetary eccentricity e _p via a process known as resonant friction. The resulting gap is initially nonaxisymmetric (akin to those observed in HD 92945 and HD 206893), but evolves to become more axisymmetric (similar to that in HD 107146) as e _p ( t ) → 0 with time. We also develop analytic understanding of these findings, finding good quantitative agreement with the outcomes of the N -ring calculations. Our results may be used to infer both the dynamical masses of (gapped) debris disks and the dynamical history of the planets interior to them, as we exemplify for HD 206893. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T11:38:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-285ce442fb724df8b71b19da4750a3b2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T11:38:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-285ce442fb724df8b71b19da4750a3b22023-08-31T21:36:56ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572023-01-01954110010.3847/1538-4357/ace68eFormation of Gaps in Self-gravitating Debris Disks by Secular Resonance in a Single-planet System. II. Toward a Self-consistent ModelAntranik A. Sefilian0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4623-1165Roman R. Rafikov1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0012-1609Mark C. Wyatt2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9064-5598Astrophysikalisches Institut und Universitätssternwarte, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena , Schillergäßchen 2–3, D-07745 Jena, Germany sefilian.antranik@gmail.com; Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge , Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UKDepartment of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge , Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK; Institute for Advanced Study , Einstein Drive, Princeton, NJ 08540, USAInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UKHigh-resolution observations of several debris disks reveal structures such as gaps and spirals, suggestive of gravitational perturbations induced by underlying planets. Most existing studies of planet–debris disk interactions ignore the gravity of the disk, treating it as a reservoir of massless planetesimals. In this paper, we continue our investigation into the long-term interaction between a single eccentric planet and an external, massive debris disk. Building upon our previous work, here we consider not only the axisymmetric component of the disk’s gravitational potential, but also the nonaxisymmetric torque that the disk exerts on the planet (ignoring for now only the nonaxisymmetric component of the disk self -gravity). To this goal, we develop and test a semianalytic “ N -ring” framework that is based on a generalized (softened) version of the classical Laplace–Lagrange secular theory. Using this tool, we demonstrate that even when the disk is less massive than the planet, not only can a secular resonance be established within the disk that leads to the formation of a wide gap, but that the very same resonance also damps the planetary eccentricity e _p via a process known as resonant friction. The resulting gap is initially nonaxisymmetric (akin to those observed in HD 92945 and HD 206893), but evolves to become more axisymmetric (similar to that in HD 107146) as e _p ( t ) → 0 with time. We also develop analytic understanding of these findings, finding good quantitative agreement with the outcomes of the N -ring calculations. Our results may be used to infer both the dynamical masses of (gapped) debris disks and the dynamical history of the planets interior to them, as we exemplify for HD 206893.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ace68eExoplanet dynamicsCircumstellar disksDebris disksPlanetary dynamicsAstrodynamicsCelestial mechanics |
| spellingShingle | Antranik A. Sefilian Roman R. Rafikov Mark C. Wyatt Formation of Gaps in Self-gravitating Debris Disks by Secular Resonance in a Single-planet System. II. Toward a Self-consistent Model The Astrophysical Journal Exoplanet dynamics Circumstellar disks Debris disks Planetary dynamics Astrodynamics Celestial mechanics |
| title | Formation of Gaps in Self-gravitating Debris Disks by Secular Resonance in a Single-planet System. II. Toward a Self-consistent Model |
| title_full | Formation of Gaps in Self-gravitating Debris Disks by Secular Resonance in a Single-planet System. II. Toward a Self-consistent Model |
| title_fullStr | Formation of Gaps in Self-gravitating Debris Disks by Secular Resonance in a Single-planet System. II. Toward a Self-consistent Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Formation of Gaps in Self-gravitating Debris Disks by Secular Resonance in a Single-planet System. II. Toward a Self-consistent Model |
| title_short | Formation of Gaps in Self-gravitating Debris Disks by Secular Resonance in a Single-planet System. II. Toward a Self-consistent Model |
| title_sort | formation of gaps in self gravitating debris disks by secular resonance in a single planet system ii toward a self consistent model |
| topic | Exoplanet dynamics Circumstellar disks Debris disks Planetary dynamics Astrodynamics Celestial mechanics |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ace68e |
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