Mating-Type Locus Organization and Mating-Type Chromosome Differentiation in the Bipolar Edible Button Mushroom <i>Agaricus bisporus</i>
In heterothallic basidiomycete fungi, sexual compatibility is restricted by mating types, typically controlled by two loci: <i>PR</i>, encoding pheromone precursors and pheromone receptors, and <i>HD</i>, encoding two types of homeodomain transcription factors. We analysed th...
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Genes |
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| author | Marie Foulongne-Oriol Ozgur Taskent Ursula Kües Anton S. M. Sonnenberg Arend F. van Peer Tatiana Giraud |
| author_facet | Marie Foulongne-Oriol Ozgur Taskent Ursula Kües Anton S. M. Sonnenberg Arend F. van Peer Tatiana Giraud |
| author_sort | Marie Foulongne-Oriol |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In heterothallic basidiomycete fungi, sexual compatibility is restricted by mating types, typically controlled by two loci: <i>PR</i>, encoding pheromone precursors and pheromone receptors, and <i>HD</i>, encoding two types of homeodomain transcription factors. We analysed the single mating-type locus of the commercial button mushroom variety, <i>Agaricus bisporus</i> var. <i>bisporus</i>, and of the related variety <i>burnettii</i>. We identified the location of the mating-type locus using genetic map and genome information, corresponding to the <i>HD</i> locus, the <i>PR</i> locus having lost its mating-type role. We found the <i>mip1</i> and <i>β-fg</i> genes flanking the <i>HD</i> genes as in several Agaricomycetes, two copies of the <i>β-fg</i> gene, an additional <i>HD2</i> copy in the reference genome of <i>A. bisporus</i> var. <i>bisporus</i> and an additional <i>HD1</i> copy in the reference genome of <i>A. bisporus</i> var. <i>burnettii.</i> We detected a 140 kb-long inversion between mating types in an <i>A. bisporus</i> var. <i>burnettii</i> heterokaryon, trapping the <i>HD</i> genes, the <i>mip1</i> gene and fragments of additional genes. The two varieties had islands of transposable elements at the mating-type locus, spanning 35 kb in the <i>A. bisporus</i> var. <i>burnettii</i> reference genome. Linkage analyses showed a region with low recombination in the mating-type locus region in the <i>A. bisporus</i> var. <i>burnettii</i> variety. We found high differentiation between <i>β-fg</i> alleles in both varieties, indicating an ancient event of recombination suppression, followed more recently by a suppression of recombination at the <i>mip1</i> gene through the inversion in <i>A. bisporus</i> var. <i>burnettii</i> and a suppression of recombination across whole chromosomes in <i>A. bisporus</i> var. <i>bisporus</i>, constituting stepwise recombination suppression as in many other mating-type chromosomes and sex chromosomes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:37:59Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:37:59Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
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| series | Genes |
| spelling | doaj.art-285f2958e6e649498cc10cc9ad19d90f2023-11-22T03:51:17ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252021-07-01127107910.3390/genes12071079Mating-Type Locus Organization and Mating-Type Chromosome Differentiation in the Bipolar Edible Button Mushroom <i>Agaricus bisporus</i>Marie Foulongne-Oriol0Ozgur Taskent1Ursula Kües2Anton S. M. Sonnenberg3Arend F. van Peer4Tatiana Giraud5INRAE, MycSA, Mycologie et Sécurité des Aliments, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, FranceEcologie Systématique Evolution, Bâtiment 360, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, FranceMolecular Wood Biotechnology and Technical Mycology, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Büsgen-Institute, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Goettingen, GermanyPlant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The NetherlandsPlant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The NetherlandsEcologie Systématique Evolution, Bâtiment 360, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, FranceIn heterothallic basidiomycete fungi, sexual compatibility is restricted by mating types, typically controlled by two loci: <i>PR</i>, encoding pheromone precursors and pheromone receptors, and <i>HD</i>, encoding two types of homeodomain transcription factors. We analysed the single mating-type locus of the commercial button mushroom variety, <i>Agaricus bisporus</i> var. <i>bisporus</i>, and of the related variety <i>burnettii</i>. We identified the location of the mating-type locus using genetic map and genome information, corresponding to the <i>HD</i> locus, the <i>PR</i> locus having lost its mating-type role. We found the <i>mip1</i> and <i>β-fg</i> genes flanking the <i>HD</i> genes as in several Agaricomycetes, two copies of the <i>β-fg</i> gene, an additional <i>HD2</i> copy in the reference genome of <i>A. bisporus</i> var. <i>bisporus</i> and an additional <i>HD1</i> copy in the reference genome of <i>A. bisporus</i> var. <i>burnettii.</i> We detected a 140 kb-long inversion between mating types in an <i>A. bisporus</i> var. <i>burnettii</i> heterokaryon, trapping the <i>HD</i> genes, the <i>mip1</i> gene and fragments of additional genes. The two varieties had islands of transposable elements at the mating-type locus, spanning 35 kb in the <i>A. bisporus</i> var. <i>burnettii</i> reference genome. Linkage analyses showed a region with low recombination in the mating-type locus region in the <i>A. bisporus</i> var. <i>burnettii</i> variety. We found high differentiation between <i>β-fg</i> alleles in both varieties, indicating an ancient event of recombination suppression, followed more recently by a suppression of recombination at the <i>mip1</i> gene through the inversion in <i>A. bisporus</i> var. <i>burnettii</i> and a suppression of recombination across whole chromosomes in <i>A. bisporus</i> var. <i>bisporus</i>, constituting stepwise recombination suppression as in many other mating-type chromosomes and sex chromosomes.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/7/1079mating-type chromosomemating-type genesbipolartetrapolarpseudo-homothallicheterothallic |
| spellingShingle | Marie Foulongne-Oriol Ozgur Taskent Ursula Kües Anton S. M. Sonnenberg Arend F. van Peer Tatiana Giraud Mating-Type Locus Organization and Mating-Type Chromosome Differentiation in the Bipolar Edible Button Mushroom <i>Agaricus bisporus</i> Genes mating-type chromosome mating-type genes bipolar tetrapolar pseudo-homothallic heterothallic |
| title | Mating-Type Locus Organization and Mating-Type Chromosome Differentiation in the Bipolar Edible Button Mushroom <i>Agaricus bisporus</i> |
| title_full | Mating-Type Locus Organization and Mating-Type Chromosome Differentiation in the Bipolar Edible Button Mushroom <i>Agaricus bisporus</i> |
| title_fullStr | Mating-Type Locus Organization and Mating-Type Chromosome Differentiation in the Bipolar Edible Button Mushroom <i>Agaricus bisporus</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mating-Type Locus Organization and Mating-Type Chromosome Differentiation in the Bipolar Edible Button Mushroom <i>Agaricus bisporus</i> |
| title_short | Mating-Type Locus Organization and Mating-Type Chromosome Differentiation in the Bipolar Edible Button Mushroom <i>Agaricus bisporus</i> |
| title_sort | mating type locus organization and mating type chromosome differentiation in the bipolar edible button mushroom i agaricus bisporus i |
| topic | mating-type chromosome mating-type genes bipolar tetrapolar pseudo-homothallic heterothallic |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/7/1079 |
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