Feasibility of Remediation Lead, Nickel, Zinc, Copper, and Cadmium-Contaminated Groundwater by Calcium Sulfide
Metal contamination in groundwater often occurs in various industrial processes. Studies have confirmed that polysulfide could reduce hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium, achieving the effect of in situ stabilization. For other metal contamination in groundwater, whether polysulfide also had a...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-08-01
|
| Series: | Water |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/16/2266 |
| _version_ | 1797521708643516416 |
|---|---|
| author | Chin-Yuan Huang Pei-Cheng Cheng Jih-Hsing Chang Yu-Chih Wan Xiang-Min Hong Shu-Fen Cheng |
| author_facet | Chin-Yuan Huang Pei-Cheng Cheng Jih-Hsing Chang Yu-Chih Wan Xiang-Min Hong Shu-Fen Cheng |
| author_sort | Chin-Yuan Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Metal contamination in groundwater often occurs in various industrial processes. Studies have confirmed that polysulfide could reduce hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium, achieving the effect of in situ stabilization. For other metal contamination in groundwater, whether polysulfide also had a stabilizing ability to achieve in situ remediation. This research focused on metals in addition to chromium that often contaminated groundwater, including lead, nickel, zinc, copper, and cadmium, to explore the feasibility of using calcium polysulfide (CaS<sub>x</sub>) as an in situ stabilization technology for these metals’ contamination of groundwater. Results showed that CaS<sub>x</sub> had a great removal efficiency for metals lead, nickel, zinc, copper, and cadmium. However, for nickel, zinc, copper, and cadmium, when CaS<sub>x</sub> was added excessively, complexes would be formed, causing the result of re-dissolution, in turn reducing the removal efficiency. As it is difficult to accurately control the dosage of agents for in situ groundwater remediation, the concentration of re-dissolved nickel, zinc, copper, and cadmium may not be able to meet the groundwater control standards. CaS<sub>x</sub> had high lead removal efficiency and for a concentration of 100 mg/L, the dose of calcium polysulfide was more than the amount of 1/1200 (volume ratio of CaSx to groundwater). In addition, the removal rate was almost 100% and it would not cause re-dissolution due to excessive CaS<sub>x</sub> dosing. CaS<sub>x</sub> can be used as an in situ stabilization technique for lead-contaminated groundwater. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:16:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-286847d03ef84f18bd80f71b833164a6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:16:57Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-286847d03ef84f18bd80f71b833164a62023-11-22T10:15:12ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412021-08-011316226610.3390/w13162266Feasibility of Remediation Lead, Nickel, Zinc, Copper, and Cadmium-Contaminated Groundwater by Calcium SulfideChin-Yuan Huang0Pei-Cheng Cheng1Jih-Hsing Chang2Yu-Chih Wan3Xiang-Min Hong4Shu-Fen Cheng5Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413310, TaiwanInstitute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, TaiwanDepartment of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413310, TaiwanDepartment of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413310, TaiwanDepartment of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413310, TaiwanDepartment of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413310, TaiwanMetal contamination in groundwater often occurs in various industrial processes. Studies have confirmed that polysulfide could reduce hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium, achieving the effect of in situ stabilization. For other metal contamination in groundwater, whether polysulfide also had a stabilizing ability to achieve in situ remediation. This research focused on metals in addition to chromium that often contaminated groundwater, including lead, nickel, zinc, copper, and cadmium, to explore the feasibility of using calcium polysulfide (CaS<sub>x</sub>) as an in situ stabilization technology for these metals’ contamination of groundwater. Results showed that CaS<sub>x</sub> had a great removal efficiency for metals lead, nickel, zinc, copper, and cadmium. However, for nickel, zinc, copper, and cadmium, when CaS<sub>x</sub> was added excessively, complexes would be formed, causing the result of re-dissolution, in turn reducing the removal efficiency. As it is difficult to accurately control the dosage of agents for in situ groundwater remediation, the concentration of re-dissolved nickel, zinc, copper, and cadmium may not be able to meet the groundwater control standards. CaS<sub>x</sub> had high lead removal efficiency and for a concentration of 100 mg/L, the dose of calcium polysulfide was more than the amount of 1/1200 (volume ratio of CaSx to groundwater). In addition, the removal rate was almost 100% and it would not cause re-dissolution due to excessive CaS<sub>x</sub> dosing. CaS<sub>x</sub> can be used as an in situ stabilization technique for lead-contaminated groundwater.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/16/2266metalpolysulfidegroundwaterstabilizationlead |
| spellingShingle | Chin-Yuan Huang Pei-Cheng Cheng Jih-Hsing Chang Yu-Chih Wan Xiang-Min Hong Shu-Fen Cheng Feasibility of Remediation Lead, Nickel, Zinc, Copper, and Cadmium-Contaminated Groundwater by Calcium Sulfide Water metal polysulfide groundwater stabilization lead |
| title | Feasibility of Remediation Lead, Nickel, Zinc, Copper, and Cadmium-Contaminated Groundwater by Calcium Sulfide |
| title_full | Feasibility of Remediation Lead, Nickel, Zinc, Copper, and Cadmium-Contaminated Groundwater by Calcium Sulfide |
| title_fullStr | Feasibility of Remediation Lead, Nickel, Zinc, Copper, and Cadmium-Contaminated Groundwater by Calcium Sulfide |
| title_full_unstemmed | Feasibility of Remediation Lead, Nickel, Zinc, Copper, and Cadmium-Contaminated Groundwater by Calcium Sulfide |
| title_short | Feasibility of Remediation Lead, Nickel, Zinc, Copper, and Cadmium-Contaminated Groundwater by Calcium Sulfide |
| title_sort | feasibility of remediation lead nickel zinc copper and cadmium contaminated groundwater by calcium sulfide |
| topic | metal polysulfide groundwater stabilization lead |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/16/2266 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT chinyuanhuang feasibilityofremediationleadnickelzinccopperandcadmiumcontaminatedgroundwaterbycalciumsulfide AT peichengcheng feasibilityofremediationleadnickelzinccopperandcadmiumcontaminatedgroundwaterbycalciumsulfide AT jihhsingchang feasibilityofremediationleadnickelzinccopperandcadmiumcontaminatedgroundwaterbycalciumsulfide AT yuchihwan feasibilityofremediationleadnickelzinccopperandcadmiumcontaminatedgroundwaterbycalciumsulfide AT xiangminhong feasibilityofremediationleadnickelzinccopperandcadmiumcontaminatedgroundwaterbycalciumsulfide AT shufencheng feasibilityofremediationleadnickelzinccopperandcadmiumcontaminatedgroundwaterbycalciumsulfide |