Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) and Random Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Comparisons of Geographic Isolates of <i>Neoparamoeba perurans</i>, the Causative Agent of Amoebic Gill Disease
<i>Neoparamoba perurans, </i>is the aetiological agent of amoebic gill disease (AGD), a disease that affects farmed Atlantic salmon worldwide. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) are PCR-based typing methods that allow for the highly reproducible...
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MDPI AG
2019-11-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/8/4/244 |
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| author | Jessica C. Johnson-Mackinnon Philip B.B. Crosbie Egil Karlsbakk Mar Marcos-Lopez Richard Paley Barbara F. Nowak Andrew R. Bridle |
| author_facet | Jessica C. Johnson-Mackinnon Philip B.B. Crosbie Egil Karlsbakk Mar Marcos-Lopez Richard Paley Barbara F. Nowak Andrew R. Bridle |
| author_sort | Jessica C. Johnson-Mackinnon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Neoparamoba perurans, </i>is the aetiological agent of amoebic gill disease (AGD), a disease that affects farmed Atlantic salmon worldwide. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) are PCR-based typing methods that allow for the highly reproducible genetic analysis of population structure within microbial species. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first use of these typing methods applied to <i>N. perurans</i> with the objective of distinguishing geographical isolates. These analyses were applied to a total of 16 isolates from Australia, Canada, Ireland, Scotland, Norway, and the USA. All the samples from Australia came from farm sites on the island state of Tasmania. Genetic polymorphism among isolates was more evident from the RAPD analysis compared to the MLST that used conserved housekeeping genes. Both techniques consistently identified that isolates of <i>N. perurans </i>from Tasmania, Australia were more similar to each other than to the isolates from other countries. While genetic differences were identified between geographical isolates, a BURST analysis provided no evidence of a founder genotype. This suggests that emerging outbreaks of AGD are not due to rapid translocation of this important salmonid pathogen from the same area. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T07:10:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-28705854428240dcbb108da724114290 |
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| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T07:10:52Z |
| publishDate | 2019-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-28705854428240dcbb108da7241142902022-12-22T02:56:52ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172019-11-018424410.3390/pathogens8040244pathogens8040244Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) and Random Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Comparisons of Geographic Isolates of <i>Neoparamoeba perurans</i>, the Causative Agent of Amoebic Gill DiseaseJessica C. Johnson-Mackinnon0Philip B.B. Crosbie1Egil Karlsbakk2Mar Marcos-Lopez3Richard Paley4Barbara F. Nowak5Andrew R. Bridle6University of Tasmania, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Locked Bag 1370 Launceston, Tasmania 7250, AustraliaUniversity of Tasmania, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Locked Bag 1370 Launceston, Tasmania 7250, AustraliaDepartment of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, N5020, NorwayVet-Aqua International, Unit 7B, Oranmore Business Park, Galway, H91 XP3F, IrelandCentre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth laboratories, The Nothe Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UKUniversity of Tasmania, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Locked Bag 1370 Launceston, Tasmania 7250, AustraliaUniversity of Tasmania, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Locked Bag 1370 Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia<i>Neoparamoba perurans, </i>is the aetiological agent of amoebic gill disease (AGD), a disease that affects farmed Atlantic salmon worldwide. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) are PCR-based typing methods that allow for the highly reproducible genetic analysis of population structure within microbial species. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first use of these typing methods applied to <i>N. perurans</i> with the objective of distinguishing geographical isolates. These analyses were applied to a total of 16 isolates from Australia, Canada, Ireland, Scotland, Norway, and the USA. All the samples from Australia came from farm sites on the island state of Tasmania. Genetic polymorphism among isolates was more evident from the RAPD analysis compared to the MLST that used conserved housekeeping genes. Both techniques consistently identified that isolates of <i>N. perurans </i>from Tasmania, Australia were more similar to each other than to the isolates from other countries. While genetic differences were identified between geographical isolates, a BURST analysis provided no evidence of a founder genotype. This suggests that emerging outbreaks of AGD are not due to rapid translocation of this important salmonid pathogen from the same area.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/8/4/244<i>paramoeba perurans</i>amoebic gill diseaseepidemiologypathogen genetics |
| spellingShingle | Jessica C. Johnson-Mackinnon Philip B.B. Crosbie Egil Karlsbakk Mar Marcos-Lopez Richard Paley Barbara F. Nowak Andrew R. Bridle Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) and Random Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Comparisons of Geographic Isolates of <i>Neoparamoeba perurans</i>, the Causative Agent of Amoebic Gill Disease Pathogens <i>paramoeba perurans</i> amoebic gill disease epidemiology pathogen genetics |
| title | Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) and Random Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Comparisons of Geographic Isolates of <i>Neoparamoeba perurans</i>, the Causative Agent of Amoebic Gill Disease |
| title_full | Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) and Random Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Comparisons of Geographic Isolates of <i>Neoparamoeba perurans</i>, the Causative Agent of Amoebic Gill Disease |
| title_fullStr | Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) and Random Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Comparisons of Geographic Isolates of <i>Neoparamoeba perurans</i>, the Causative Agent of Amoebic Gill Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) and Random Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Comparisons of Geographic Isolates of <i>Neoparamoeba perurans</i>, the Causative Agent of Amoebic Gill Disease |
| title_short | Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) and Random Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Comparisons of Geographic Isolates of <i>Neoparamoeba perurans</i>, the Causative Agent of Amoebic Gill Disease |
| title_sort | multilocus sequence typing mlst and random polymorphic dna rapd comparisons of geographic isolates of i neoparamoeba perurans i the causative agent of amoebic gill disease |
| topic | <i>paramoeba perurans</i> amoebic gill disease epidemiology pathogen genetics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/8/4/244 |
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