Standardization and evaluation of indicators for quantifying antimicrobial use on U.S. dairy farms
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global One Health threat. A portion of AMR development can be attributed to antimicrobial use (AMU) in animals, including dairy cattle. Quantifying AMU on U.S. dairy farms is necessary to inform antimicrobial stewardship strategies and help evaluate the relationsh...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Antibiotics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2023.1176817/full |
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| author | Zhengyu Lu Ece Bulut Daryl V. Nydam Renata Ivanek |
| author_facet | Zhengyu Lu Ece Bulut Daryl V. Nydam Renata Ivanek |
| author_sort | Zhengyu Lu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global One Health threat. A portion of AMR development can be attributed to antimicrobial use (AMU) in animals, including dairy cattle. Quantifying AMU on U.S. dairy farms is necessary to inform antimicrobial stewardship strategies and help evaluate the relationship between AMU and AMR. Many AMU indicators have been proposed for quantifying AMU in dairy cattle. However, these indicators are difficult to interpret and compare because they differ in the type of data used, the calculation approach, and the definitions of variables and parameters used in the calculation. Therefore, we selected 16 indicators (count-based, mass-based, and dose-based) applicable for quantifying AMU on U.S. dairy farms. We systematized the indicators by standardizing their variables and parameters to improve their interchangeability, interpretation, and comparability. We scored indicators against six data-driven criteria (assessing their accuracy, data and effort needs, and level of privacy concern) and five stewardship-driven criteria (assessing their ability to capture trends and inform antimicrobial stewardship). The derived standardized indicators will aid farmers and veterinarians in selecting suitable indicators based on data availability and stewardship needs on a farm. The comparison of indicators revealed a trade-off requiring farmers to balance the granularity of data necessary for an accurate indicator and effort to collect the data, and a trade-off relevant to farmers interested in data sharing to inform stewardship because more accurate indicators are typically based on more sensitive information. Indicators with better accuracy tended to score better in stewardship criteria. Overall, two dose-based indicators, estimating the number of treatments and administered doses, scored best in accuracy and stewardship. Conversely, two count-based indicators, estimating the length of AMU, and a mass-based indicator, estimating the mass of administered antimicrobials, performed best in the effort and privacy criteria. These findings are expected to benefit One Health by aiding the uptake of farm-level AMU indicators by U.S. dairy farms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:36:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-28760c7c5bdb47a2b1082a9c8bf9873c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2813-2467 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:36:57Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-28760c7c5bdb47a2b1082a9c8bf9873c2023-12-03T10:55:50ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Antibiotics2813-24672023-08-01210.3389/frabi.2023.11768171176817Standardization and evaluation of indicators for quantifying antimicrobial use on U.S. dairy farmsZhengyu Lu0Ece Bulut1Daryl V. Nydam2Renata Ivanek3Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United StatesDepartment of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United StatesDepartment of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United StatesDepartment of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United StatesAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global One Health threat. A portion of AMR development can be attributed to antimicrobial use (AMU) in animals, including dairy cattle. Quantifying AMU on U.S. dairy farms is necessary to inform antimicrobial stewardship strategies and help evaluate the relationship between AMU and AMR. Many AMU indicators have been proposed for quantifying AMU in dairy cattle. However, these indicators are difficult to interpret and compare because they differ in the type of data used, the calculation approach, and the definitions of variables and parameters used in the calculation. Therefore, we selected 16 indicators (count-based, mass-based, and dose-based) applicable for quantifying AMU on U.S. dairy farms. We systematized the indicators by standardizing their variables and parameters to improve their interchangeability, interpretation, and comparability. We scored indicators against six data-driven criteria (assessing their accuracy, data and effort needs, and level of privacy concern) and five stewardship-driven criteria (assessing their ability to capture trends and inform antimicrobial stewardship). The derived standardized indicators will aid farmers and veterinarians in selecting suitable indicators based on data availability and stewardship needs on a farm. The comparison of indicators revealed a trade-off requiring farmers to balance the granularity of data necessary for an accurate indicator and effort to collect the data, and a trade-off relevant to farmers interested in data sharing to inform stewardship because more accurate indicators are typically based on more sensitive information. Indicators with better accuracy tended to score better in stewardship criteria. Overall, two dose-based indicators, estimating the number of treatments and administered doses, scored best in accuracy and stewardship. Conversely, two count-based indicators, estimating the length of AMU, and a mass-based indicator, estimating the mass of administered antimicrobials, performed best in the effort and privacy criteria. These findings are expected to benefit One Health by aiding the uptake of farm-level AMU indicators by U.S. dairy farms.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2023.1176817/fulldairy cattleantimicrobial useantimicrobial stewardshipindicatorsprivacy |
| spellingShingle | Zhengyu Lu Ece Bulut Daryl V. Nydam Renata Ivanek Standardization and evaluation of indicators for quantifying antimicrobial use on U.S. dairy farms Frontiers in Antibiotics dairy cattle antimicrobial use antimicrobial stewardship indicators privacy |
| title | Standardization and evaluation of indicators for quantifying antimicrobial use on U.S. dairy farms |
| title_full | Standardization and evaluation of indicators for quantifying antimicrobial use on U.S. dairy farms |
| title_fullStr | Standardization and evaluation of indicators for quantifying antimicrobial use on U.S. dairy farms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Standardization and evaluation of indicators for quantifying antimicrobial use on U.S. dairy farms |
| title_short | Standardization and evaluation of indicators for quantifying antimicrobial use on U.S. dairy farms |
| title_sort | standardization and evaluation of indicators for quantifying antimicrobial use on u s dairy farms |
| topic | dairy cattle antimicrobial use antimicrobial stewardship indicators privacy |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frabi.2023.1176817/full |
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