Investigation of the Properties of 316L Stainless Steel after AM and Heat Treatment
Additive manufacturing, including laser powder bed fusion, offers possibilities for the production of materials with properties comparable to conventional technologies. The main aim of this paper is to describe the specific microstructure of 316L stainless steel prepared using additive manufacturing...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/11/3935 |
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| author | Patrik Petroušek Tibor Kvačkaj Jana Bidulská Róbert Bidulský Marco Actis Grande Diego Manfredi Klaus-Peter Weiss Róbert Kočiško Miloslav Lupták Imrich Pokorný |
| author_facet | Patrik Petroušek Tibor Kvačkaj Jana Bidulská Róbert Bidulský Marco Actis Grande Diego Manfredi Klaus-Peter Weiss Róbert Kočiško Miloslav Lupták Imrich Pokorný |
| author_sort | Patrik Petroušek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Additive manufacturing, including laser powder bed fusion, offers possibilities for the production of materials with properties comparable to conventional technologies. The main aim of this paper is to describe the specific microstructure of 316L stainless steel prepared using additive manufacturing. The as-built state and the material after heat treatment (solution annealing at 1050 °C and 60 min soaking time, followed by artificial aging at 700 °C and 3000 min soaking time) were analyzed. A static tensile test at ambient temperature, 77 K, and 8 K was performed to evaluate the mechanical properties. The characteristics of the specific microstructure were examined using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The stainless steel 316L prepared using laser powder bed fusion consisted of a hierarchical austenitic microstructure, with a grain size of 25 µm as-built up to 35 µm after heat treatment. The grains predominantly contained fine 300–700 nm subgrains with a cellular structure. It was concluded that after the selected heat treatment there was a significant reduction in dislocations. An increase in precipitates was observed after heat treatment, from the original amount of approximately 20 nm to 150 nm. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:03:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2884c47a99c84dbc87452a7653b22d9b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:03:21Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-2884c47a99c84dbc87452a7653b22d9b2023-11-18T08:08:02ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442023-05-011611393510.3390/ma16113935Investigation of the Properties of 316L Stainless Steel after AM and Heat TreatmentPatrik Petroušek0Tibor Kvačkaj1Jana Bidulská2Róbert Bidulský3Marco Actis Grande4Diego Manfredi5Klaus-Peter Weiss6Róbert Kočiško7Miloslav Lupták8Imrich Pokorný9Department of Plastic Deformation and Simulation Processes, Institute of Materials and Quality Engineering, Faculty of Materials, Metallurgy and Recycling, Technical University of Kosice, Park Komenského 11, 04001 Kosice, SlovakiaBodva Industry and Innovation Cluster, Budulov 174, 04501 Moldava nad Bodvou, SlovakiaDepartment of Plastic Deformation and Simulation Processes, Institute of Materials and Quality Engineering, Faculty of Materials, Metallurgy and Recycling, Technical University of Kosice, Park Komenského 11, 04001 Kosice, SlovakiaBodva Industry and Innovation Cluster, Budulov 174, 04501 Moldava nad Bodvou, SlovakiaDepartment of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Viale T. Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, ItalyDepartment of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Polythecnic of Turin, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, ItalyInstitute for Technical Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanyDepartment of Plastic Deformation and Simulation Processes, Institute of Materials and Quality Engineering, Faculty of Materials, Metallurgy and Recycling, Technical University of Kosice, Park Komenského 11, 04001 Kosice, SlovakiaDepartment of Plastic Deformation and Simulation Processes, Institute of Materials and Quality Engineering, Faculty of Materials, Metallurgy and Recycling, Technical University of Kosice, Park Komenského 11, 04001 Kosice, SlovakiaDepartment of Plastic Deformation and Simulation Processes, Institute of Materials and Quality Engineering, Faculty of Materials, Metallurgy and Recycling, Technical University of Kosice, Park Komenského 11, 04001 Kosice, SlovakiaAdditive manufacturing, including laser powder bed fusion, offers possibilities for the production of materials with properties comparable to conventional technologies. The main aim of this paper is to describe the specific microstructure of 316L stainless steel prepared using additive manufacturing. The as-built state and the material after heat treatment (solution annealing at 1050 °C and 60 min soaking time, followed by artificial aging at 700 °C and 3000 min soaking time) were analyzed. A static tensile test at ambient temperature, 77 K, and 8 K was performed to evaluate the mechanical properties. The characteristics of the specific microstructure were examined using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The stainless steel 316L prepared using laser powder bed fusion consisted of a hierarchical austenitic microstructure, with a grain size of 25 µm as-built up to 35 µm after heat treatment. The grains predominantly contained fine 300–700 nm subgrains with a cellular structure. It was concluded that after the selected heat treatment there was a significant reduction in dislocations. An increase in precipitates was observed after heat treatment, from the original amount of approximately 20 nm to 150 nm.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/11/3935additive manufacturing (AM)powder metallurgylaser powder bed fusion (L-PBF)316L stainless steelcryogenic treatment |
| spellingShingle | Patrik Petroušek Tibor Kvačkaj Jana Bidulská Róbert Bidulský Marco Actis Grande Diego Manfredi Klaus-Peter Weiss Róbert Kočiško Miloslav Lupták Imrich Pokorný Investigation of the Properties of 316L Stainless Steel after AM and Heat Treatment Materials additive manufacturing (AM) powder metallurgy laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) 316L stainless steel cryogenic treatment |
| title | Investigation of the Properties of 316L Stainless Steel after AM and Heat Treatment |
| title_full | Investigation of the Properties of 316L Stainless Steel after AM and Heat Treatment |
| title_fullStr | Investigation of the Properties of 316L Stainless Steel after AM and Heat Treatment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation of the Properties of 316L Stainless Steel after AM and Heat Treatment |
| title_short | Investigation of the Properties of 316L Stainless Steel after AM and Heat Treatment |
| title_sort | investigation of the properties of 316l stainless steel after am and heat treatment |
| topic | additive manufacturing (AM) powder metallurgy laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) 316L stainless steel cryogenic treatment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/11/3935 |
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