Insertion of Transposable Elements in <i>AVR-Pib</i> of <i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i> Leading to LOSS of the Avirulent Function
Rice blast is a very serious disease caused by <i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i>, which threatens rice production and food supply throughout the world. The avirulence (<i>AVR</i>) genes of rice blast are perceived by the corresponding rice blast resistance (<i>R</i>) gene...
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/21/15542 |
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| author | Jinbin Li Lin Lu Chengyun Li Qun Wang Zhufeng Shi |
| author_facet | Jinbin Li Lin Lu Chengyun Li Qun Wang Zhufeng Shi |
| author_sort | Jinbin Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rice blast is a very serious disease caused by <i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i>, which threatens rice production and food supply throughout the world. The avirulence (<i>AVR</i>) genes of rice blast are perceived by the corresponding rice blast resistance (<i>R</i>) genes and prompt specific resistance. A mutation in <i>AVR</i> is a major force for new virulence. Exploring mutations in <i>AVR</i> among <i>M. oryzae</i> isolates from rice production fields could aid assessment of the efficacy and durability of <i>R</i> genes. We studied the probable molecular-evolutionary patterns of <i>AVR-Pib</i> alleles by assaying their DNA-sequence diversification and examining their avirulence to the corresponding <i>Pib</i> resistance gene under natural conditions in the extremely genetically diverse of rice resources of Yunnan, China. PCRs detected results from <i>M. oryzae</i> genomic DNA and revealed that 162 out of 366 isolates collected from Yunnan Province contained <i>AVR-Pib</i> alleles. Among them, 36.1–73.3% isolates from six different rice production areas of Yunnan contained <i>AVR-Pib</i> alleles. Furthermore, 36 (28.6%) out of 126 isolates had a transposable element (TE) insertion in <i>AVR-Pib</i>, which resulted in altered virulence. The TE insertion was identified in isolates from rice rather than from <i>Musa nana</i> Lour. Twelve <i>AVR-Pib</i> haplotypes encoding three novel <i>AVR-Pib</i> variants were identified among the remaining 90 isolates. <i>AVR-Pib</i> alleles evolved to virulent forms from avirulent forms by base substitution and TE insertion of Pot2 and Pot3 in the 5′ untranslated region of <i>AVR-Pib</i>. These findings support the hypothesis that functional <i>AVR-Pib</i> possesses varied sequence structures and can escape surveillance by hosts via multiple variation manners. |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:29:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-2886afb0caeb4f18bc6ecc38292f012d2023-11-10T15:04:21ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-10-0124211554210.3390/ijms242115542Insertion of Transposable Elements in <i>AVR-Pib</i> of <i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i> Leading to LOSS of the Avirulent FunctionJinbin Li0Lin Lu1Chengyun Li2Qun Wang3Zhufeng Shi4 The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs International Joint Research Center for Agriculture, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Biological Invasions, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, Agricultural Environment and Resource Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, ChinaFlower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, ChinaThe Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Agricultural Biodiversity and Pest Management, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650200, China The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs International Joint Research Center for Agriculture, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Biological Invasions, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, Agricultural Environment and Resource Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs International Joint Research Center for Agriculture, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Biological Invasions, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, Agricultural Environment and Resource Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, ChinaRice blast is a very serious disease caused by <i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i>, which threatens rice production and food supply throughout the world. The avirulence (<i>AVR</i>) genes of rice blast are perceived by the corresponding rice blast resistance (<i>R</i>) genes and prompt specific resistance. A mutation in <i>AVR</i> is a major force for new virulence. Exploring mutations in <i>AVR</i> among <i>M. oryzae</i> isolates from rice production fields could aid assessment of the efficacy and durability of <i>R</i> genes. We studied the probable molecular-evolutionary patterns of <i>AVR-Pib</i> alleles by assaying their DNA-sequence diversification and examining their avirulence to the corresponding <i>Pib</i> resistance gene under natural conditions in the extremely genetically diverse of rice resources of Yunnan, China. PCRs detected results from <i>M. oryzae</i> genomic DNA and revealed that 162 out of 366 isolates collected from Yunnan Province contained <i>AVR-Pib</i> alleles. Among them, 36.1–73.3% isolates from six different rice production areas of Yunnan contained <i>AVR-Pib</i> alleles. Furthermore, 36 (28.6%) out of 126 isolates had a transposable element (TE) insertion in <i>AVR-Pib</i>, which resulted in altered virulence. The TE insertion was identified in isolates from rice rather than from <i>Musa nana</i> Lour. Twelve <i>AVR-Pib</i> haplotypes encoding three novel <i>AVR-Pib</i> variants were identified among the remaining 90 isolates. <i>AVR-Pib</i> alleles evolved to virulent forms from avirulent forms by base substitution and TE insertion of Pot2 and Pot3 in the 5′ untranslated region of <i>AVR-Pib</i>. These findings support the hypothesis that functional <i>AVR-Pib</i> possesses varied sequence structures and can escape surveillance by hosts via multiple variation manners.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/21/15542<i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i>rice blast<i>AVR-Pib</i>evolutiontransposable element (TE) |
| spellingShingle | Jinbin Li Lin Lu Chengyun Li Qun Wang Zhufeng Shi Insertion of Transposable Elements in <i>AVR-Pib</i> of <i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i> Leading to LOSS of the Avirulent Function International Journal of Molecular Sciences <i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i> rice blast <i>AVR-Pib</i> evolution transposable element (TE) |
| title | Insertion of Transposable Elements in <i>AVR-Pib</i> of <i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i> Leading to LOSS of the Avirulent Function |
| title_full | Insertion of Transposable Elements in <i>AVR-Pib</i> of <i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i> Leading to LOSS of the Avirulent Function |
| title_fullStr | Insertion of Transposable Elements in <i>AVR-Pib</i> of <i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i> Leading to LOSS of the Avirulent Function |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insertion of Transposable Elements in <i>AVR-Pib</i> of <i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i> Leading to LOSS of the Avirulent Function |
| title_short | Insertion of Transposable Elements in <i>AVR-Pib</i> of <i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i> Leading to LOSS of the Avirulent Function |
| title_sort | insertion of transposable elements in i avr pib i of i magnaporthe oryzae i leading to loss of the avirulent function |
| topic | <i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i> rice blast <i>AVR-Pib</i> evolution transposable element (TE) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/21/15542 |
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