| Summary: | Toxoplasmosis and cancer are serious worldwide diseases, and the available drugs cause serious side effects. Investigation for new alternative therapies from natural sources is now an increasing concern. Herein, we carried out, for the first time, an in vitro screening of <i>Cycas rumphii</i> Miq. leaves for toxoplasmocidal effect, using <i>Viruluent RH Toxoplasma gondii,</i> and cytotoxic activity against HEPG-2, HCT-116 and HELA cancer cell lines using MTT assay. Among the tested extracts, the ethyl acetate fraction was the most effective against <i>T. gondii</i>, with an EC<sub>50</sub> of 3.51 ± 0.2 µg/mL compared to cotrimoxazole (4.18 ± 0.01 µg/mL) and was the most potent against the tested cell lines, especially HEPG-2, with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 6.98 ± 0.5 µg/mL compared to doxorubicin (4.50 ± 0.2 µg/mL). Seven compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction by extensive chromatographic techniques and fully elucidated using different spectroscopies. Compound (<b>7</b>) is an undescribed 4′, 4′′′ biapigenin di-C-glucoside, which showed a strong cytotoxic activity. Four known biflavonoids (<b>1</b>, <b>2</b>, <b>4</b> and <b>5</b>) in addition to a phenolic acid ester (<b>3</b>) and a flavonoid glycoside (<b>6</b>) were also isolated. Compounds (<b>1</b>, <b>3</b> and <b>6</b>) were reported for the first time from <i>C. rumphii</i>.
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