Millimeter Wave Propagation Measurements and Characteristics for 5G System
In future 5G systems, the millimeter wave (mmWave) band will be used to support a large capacity for current mobile broadband. Therefore, the radio access technology (RAT) should be made available for 5G devices to help in distinct situations, for example device-to-device communications (D2D) and mu...
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MDPI AG
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/1/335 |
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| author | Ahmed M. Al-Samman Marwan Hadri Azmi Y. A. Al-Gumaei Tawfik Al-Hadhrami Tharek Abd. Rahman Yousef Fazea Abdulmajid Al-Mqdashi |
| author_facet | Ahmed M. Al-Samman Marwan Hadri Azmi Y. A. Al-Gumaei Tawfik Al-Hadhrami Tharek Abd. Rahman Yousef Fazea Abdulmajid Al-Mqdashi |
| author_sort | Ahmed M. Al-Samman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In future 5G systems, the millimeter wave (mmWave) band will be used to support a large capacity for current mobile broadband. Therefore, the radio access technology (RAT) should be made available for 5G devices to help in distinct situations, for example device-to-device communications (D2D) and multi-hops. This paper presents ultra-wideband channel measurements for millimeter wave bands at 19, 28, and 38 GHz. We used an ultra-wideband channel sounder (1 GHz bandwidth) in an indoor to outdoor (I2O) environment for non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios. In an NLOS environment, there is no direct path (line of sight), and all of the contributed paths are received from different physical objects by refection propagation phenomena. Hence, in this work, a directional horn antenna (high gain) was used at the transmitter, while an omnidirectional antenna was used at the receiver to collect the radio signals from all directions. The path loss and temporal dispersion were examined based on the acquired measurement data—the 5G propagation characteristics. Two different path loss models were used, namely close-in (CI) free space reference distance and alpha-beta-gamma (ABG) models. The time dispersion parameters were provided based on a mean excess delay, a root mean square (RMS) delay spread, and a maximum excess delay. The path loss exponent for this NLOS specific environment was found to be low for all of the proposed frequencies, and the RMS delay spread values were less than 30 ns for all of the measured frequencies, and the average RMS delay spread values were 19.2, 19.3, and 20.3 ns for 19, 28, and 38 GHz frequencies, respectively. Moreover, the mean excess delay values were found also at 26.1, 25.8, and 27.3 ns for 19, 28, and 38 GHz frequencies, respectively. The propagation signal through the NLOS channel at 19, 28, and 38 GHz was strong with a low delay; it is concluded that these bands are reliable for 5G systems in short-range applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T07:15:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-28a4af9a065c4818833fabe0f0476f16 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T07:15:34Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj.art-28a4af9a065c4818833fabe0f0476f162022-12-22T01:16:14ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172020-01-0110133510.3390/app10010335app10010335Millimeter Wave Propagation Measurements and Characteristics for 5G SystemAhmed M. Al-Samman0Marwan Hadri Azmi1Y. A. Al-Gumaei2Tawfik Al-Hadhrami3Tharek Abd. Rahman4Yousef Fazea5Abdulmajid Al-Mqdashi6Department of Manufacturing and Civil Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2815 Gjøvik, NorwayWireless Communication Centre, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor 81310, MalaysiaDepartment of Computer and Information Science, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE18ST, UKSchool of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG118NF, UKWireless Communication Centre, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor 81310, MalaysiaInternetworks Research Laboratory, School of Computing, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok 06010, Kedah, MalaysiaFaculty of Computer Science and Information Systems, Thamar University, Dhamar 87246, YemenIn future 5G systems, the millimeter wave (mmWave) band will be used to support a large capacity for current mobile broadband. Therefore, the radio access technology (RAT) should be made available for 5G devices to help in distinct situations, for example device-to-device communications (D2D) and multi-hops. This paper presents ultra-wideband channel measurements for millimeter wave bands at 19, 28, and 38 GHz. We used an ultra-wideband channel sounder (1 GHz bandwidth) in an indoor to outdoor (I2O) environment for non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios. In an NLOS environment, there is no direct path (line of sight), and all of the contributed paths are received from different physical objects by refection propagation phenomena. Hence, in this work, a directional horn antenna (high gain) was used at the transmitter, while an omnidirectional antenna was used at the receiver to collect the radio signals from all directions. The path loss and temporal dispersion were examined based on the acquired measurement data—the 5G propagation characteristics. Two different path loss models were used, namely close-in (CI) free space reference distance and alpha-beta-gamma (ABG) models. The time dispersion parameters were provided based on a mean excess delay, a root mean square (RMS) delay spread, and a maximum excess delay. The path loss exponent for this NLOS specific environment was found to be low for all of the proposed frequencies, and the RMS delay spread values were less than 30 ns for all of the measured frequencies, and the average RMS delay spread values were 19.2, 19.3, and 20.3 ns for 19, 28, and 38 GHz frequencies, respectively. Moreover, the mean excess delay values were found also at 26.1, 25.8, and 27.3 ns for 19, 28, and 38 GHz frequencies, respectively. The propagation signal through the NLOS channel at 19, 28, and 38 GHz was strong with a low delay; it is concluded that these bands are reliable for 5G systems in short-range applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/1/3355g19 ghz28 ghz38 ghznlospath lossrms delay spread |
| spellingShingle | Ahmed M. Al-Samman Marwan Hadri Azmi Y. A. Al-Gumaei Tawfik Al-Hadhrami Tharek Abd. Rahman Yousef Fazea Abdulmajid Al-Mqdashi Millimeter Wave Propagation Measurements and Characteristics for 5G System Applied Sciences 5g 19 ghz 28 ghz 38 ghz nlos path loss rms delay spread |
| title | Millimeter Wave Propagation Measurements and Characteristics for 5G System |
| title_full | Millimeter Wave Propagation Measurements and Characteristics for 5G System |
| title_fullStr | Millimeter Wave Propagation Measurements and Characteristics for 5G System |
| title_full_unstemmed | Millimeter Wave Propagation Measurements and Characteristics for 5G System |
| title_short | Millimeter Wave Propagation Measurements and Characteristics for 5G System |
| title_sort | millimeter wave propagation measurements and characteristics for 5g system |
| topic | 5g 19 ghz 28 ghz 38 ghz nlos path loss rms delay spread |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/1/335 |
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