Optimization of Aluminum Dopant Amalgamation Immersion Time on Structural, Electrical, and Humidity-Sensing Attributes of Pristine ZnO for Flexible Humidity Sensor Application
This study synthesized pristine and aluminum (Al)-doped zinc oxide (Al:ZnO) nanostructures through a simplistic low-temperature ultrasonicated solution immersion method. Al:ZnO nanostructures were synthesized as a sensing material using different immersion times varying from two to five hours. The A...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-11-01
|
| Series: | Chemosensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/10/11/489 |
| _version_ | 1827644705980022784 |
|---|---|
| author | A Shamsul Rahimi A Subki Mohamad Hafiz Mamat Musa Mohamed Zahidi Mohd Hanapiah Abdullah I. B. Shameem Banu Nagamalai Vasimalai Mohd Khairul Ahmad Nafarizal Nayan Suriani Abu Bakar Azmi Mohamed Muhammad Danang Birowosuto Mohamad Rusop Mahmood |
| author_facet | A Shamsul Rahimi A Subki Mohamad Hafiz Mamat Musa Mohamed Zahidi Mohd Hanapiah Abdullah I. B. Shameem Banu Nagamalai Vasimalai Mohd Khairul Ahmad Nafarizal Nayan Suriani Abu Bakar Azmi Mohamed Muhammad Danang Birowosuto Mohamad Rusop Mahmood |
| author_sort | A Shamsul Rahimi A Subki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study synthesized pristine and aluminum (Al)-doped zinc oxide (Al:ZnO) nanostructures through a simplistic low-temperature ultrasonicated solution immersion method. Al:ZnO nanostructures were synthesized as a sensing material using different immersion times varying from two to five hours. The Al:ZnO nanostructured-based flexible humidity sensor was fabricated by employing cellulose filter paper as a substrate and transparent paper glue as a binder through a simplistic brush printing technique. XRD, FESEM, HRTEM, EDS, XPS, a two-probe I–V measurement system, and a humidity measurement system were employed to investigate the structural, morphological, chemical, electrical, and humidity-sensing properties of the pristine ZnO and Al:ZnO nanostructures. The structural and morphological analysis confirmed that Al cations successfully occupied the Zn lattice or integrated into interstitial sites of the ZnO lattice matrix. Humidity-sensing performance analysis indicated that the resistance of the Al:ZnO nanostructure samples decreased almost linearly as the humidity level increased, leading to better sensitivity and sensing response. The Al:ZnO-4 h nanostructured-based flexible humidity sensor had a maximum sensing response and demonstrated the highest sensitivity towards humidity changes, which was noticeably superior to the other tested samples. Finally, this study explained the Al:ZnO nanostructures-based flexible humidity sensor sensing mechanism in terms of chemical adsorption, physical adsorption, and capillary condensation mechanisms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:24:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-28b8c147198a4fba9ea39c5e25b14278 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9040 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:24:13Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Chemosensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-28b8c147198a4fba9ea39c5e25b142782023-11-24T08:00:01ZengMDPI AGChemosensors2227-90402022-11-01101148910.3390/chemosensors10110489Optimization of Aluminum Dopant Amalgamation Immersion Time on Structural, Electrical, and Humidity-Sensing Attributes of Pristine ZnO for Flexible Humidity Sensor ApplicationA Shamsul Rahimi A Subki0Mohamad Hafiz Mamat1Musa Mohamed Zahidi2Mohd Hanapiah Abdullah3I. B. Shameem Banu4Nagamalai Vasimalai5Mohd Khairul Ahmad6Nafarizal Nayan7Suriani Abu Bakar8Azmi Mohamed9Muhammad Danang Birowosuto10Mohamad Rusop Mahmood11NANO-ElecTronic Centre (NET), School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, MalaysiaNANO-ElecTronic Centre (NET), School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, MalaysiaNANO-ElecTronic Centre (NET), School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, MalaysiaNANO-ElecTronic Centre (NET), School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, MalaysiaSchool of Physical and Chemical Sciences, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai 600 048, Vandalur, IndiaSchool of Physical and Chemical Sciences, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai 600 048, Vandalur, IndiaMicroelectronic and Nanotechnology—Shamsuddin Research Centre, Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat 86400, Johor, MalaysiaMicroelectronic and Nanotechnology—Shamsuddin Research Centre, Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat 86400, Johor, MalaysiaNanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Perak, MalaysiaNanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Perak, MalaysiaLukasiewicz Research Network—PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stabłowicka 147, 54-066 Wroclaw, PolandNANO-SciTech Lab, Centre for Functional Materials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Science (IOS), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, MalaysiaThis study synthesized pristine and aluminum (Al)-doped zinc oxide (Al:ZnO) nanostructures through a simplistic low-temperature ultrasonicated solution immersion method. Al:ZnO nanostructures were synthesized as a sensing material using different immersion times varying from two to five hours. The Al:ZnO nanostructured-based flexible humidity sensor was fabricated by employing cellulose filter paper as a substrate and transparent paper glue as a binder through a simplistic brush printing technique. XRD, FESEM, HRTEM, EDS, XPS, a two-probe I–V measurement system, and a humidity measurement system were employed to investigate the structural, morphological, chemical, electrical, and humidity-sensing properties of the pristine ZnO and Al:ZnO nanostructures. The structural and morphological analysis confirmed that Al cations successfully occupied the Zn lattice or integrated into interstitial sites of the ZnO lattice matrix. Humidity-sensing performance analysis indicated that the resistance of the Al:ZnO nanostructure samples decreased almost linearly as the humidity level increased, leading to better sensitivity and sensing response. The Al:ZnO-4 h nanostructured-based flexible humidity sensor had a maximum sensing response and demonstrated the highest sensitivity towards humidity changes, which was noticeably superior to the other tested samples. Finally, this study explained the Al:ZnO nanostructures-based flexible humidity sensor sensing mechanism in terms of chemical adsorption, physical adsorption, and capillary condensation mechanisms.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/10/11/489zinc oxide nanopowdersaluminum-doped zinc oxideflexible humidity sensorcelluloseresistive-type humidity sensor |
| spellingShingle | A Shamsul Rahimi A Subki Mohamad Hafiz Mamat Musa Mohamed Zahidi Mohd Hanapiah Abdullah I. B. Shameem Banu Nagamalai Vasimalai Mohd Khairul Ahmad Nafarizal Nayan Suriani Abu Bakar Azmi Mohamed Muhammad Danang Birowosuto Mohamad Rusop Mahmood Optimization of Aluminum Dopant Amalgamation Immersion Time on Structural, Electrical, and Humidity-Sensing Attributes of Pristine ZnO for Flexible Humidity Sensor Application Chemosensors zinc oxide nanopowders aluminum-doped zinc oxide flexible humidity sensor cellulose resistive-type humidity sensor |
| title | Optimization of Aluminum Dopant Amalgamation Immersion Time on Structural, Electrical, and Humidity-Sensing Attributes of Pristine ZnO for Flexible Humidity Sensor Application |
| title_full | Optimization of Aluminum Dopant Amalgamation Immersion Time on Structural, Electrical, and Humidity-Sensing Attributes of Pristine ZnO for Flexible Humidity Sensor Application |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of Aluminum Dopant Amalgamation Immersion Time on Structural, Electrical, and Humidity-Sensing Attributes of Pristine ZnO for Flexible Humidity Sensor Application |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of Aluminum Dopant Amalgamation Immersion Time on Structural, Electrical, and Humidity-Sensing Attributes of Pristine ZnO for Flexible Humidity Sensor Application |
| title_short | Optimization of Aluminum Dopant Amalgamation Immersion Time on Structural, Electrical, and Humidity-Sensing Attributes of Pristine ZnO for Flexible Humidity Sensor Application |
| title_sort | optimization of aluminum dopant amalgamation immersion time on structural electrical and humidity sensing attributes of pristine zno for flexible humidity sensor application |
| topic | zinc oxide nanopowders aluminum-doped zinc oxide flexible humidity sensor cellulose resistive-type humidity sensor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/10/11/489 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ashamsulrahimiasubki optimizationofaluminumdopantamalgamationimmersiontimeonstructuralelectricalandhumiditysensingattributesofpristineznoforflexiblehumiditysensorapplication AT mohamadhafizmamat optimizationofaluminumdopantamalgamationimmersiontimeonstructuralelectricalandhumiditysensingattributesofpristineznoforflexiblehumiditysensorapplication AT musamohamedzahidi optimizationofaluminumdopantamalgamationimmersiontimeonstructuralelectricalandhumiditysensingattributesofpristineznoforflexiblehumiditysensorapplication AT mohdhanapiahabdullah optimizationofaluminumdopantamalgamationimmersiontimeonstructuralelectricalandhumiditysensingattributesofpristineznoforflexiblehumiditysensorapplication AT ibshameembanu optimizationofaluminumdopantamalgamationimmersiontimeonstructuralelectricalandhumiditysensingattributesofpristineznoforflexiblehumiditysensorapplication AT nagamalaivasimalai optimizationofaluminumdopantamalgamationimmersiontimeonstructuralelectricalandhumiditysensingattributesofpristineznoforflexiblehumiditysensorapplication AT mohdkhairulahmad optimizationofaluminumdopantamalgamationimmersiontimeonstructuralelectricalandhumiditysensingattributesofpristineznoforflexiblehumiditysensorapplication AT nafarizalnayan optimizationofaluminumdopantamalgamationimmersiontimeonstructuralelectricalandhumiditysensingattributesofpristineznoforflexiblehumiditysensorapplication AT surianiabubakar optimizationofaluminumdopantamalgamationimmersiontimeonstructuralelectricalandhumiditysensingattributesofpristineznoforflexiblehumiditysensorapplication AT azmimohamed optimizationofaluminumdopantamalgamationimmersiontimeonstructuralelectricalandhumiditysensingattributesofpristineznoforflexiblehumiditysensorapplication AT muhammaddanangbirowosuto optimizationofaluminumdopantamalgamationimmersiontimeonstructuralelectricalandhumiditysensingattributesofpristineznoforflexiblehumiditysensorapplication AT mohamadrusopmahmood optimizationofaluminumdopantamalgamationimmersiontimeonstructuralelectricalandhumiditysensingattributesofpristineznoforflexiblehumiditysensorapplication |