Development of a CO<sub>2</sub> Sensor for Extracorporeal Life Support Applications
Measurement of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) in medical applications is a well-established method for monitoring patient’s pulmonary function in a noninvasive way widely used in emergency, intensive care, and during anesthesia. Even in extracorporeal-life support applications, such as...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/13/3613 |
| _version_ | 1827714106491142144 |
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| author | Michele Bellancini Laura Cercenelli Stefano Severi Guido Comai Emanuela Marcelli |
| author_facet | Michele Bellancini Laura Cercenelli Stefano Severi Guido Comai Emanuela Marcelli |
| author_sort | Michele Bellancini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Measurement of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) in medical applications is a well-established method for monitoring patient’s pulmonary function in a noninvasive way widely used in emergency, intensive care, and during anesthesia. Even in extracorporeal-life support applications, such as Extracorporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal (ECCO<sub>2</sub>R), Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO), and cardiopulmonary by-pass (CPB), measurement of the CO<sub>2</sub> concentration in the membrane oxygenator exhaust gas is proven to be useful to evaluate the treatment progress as well as the performance of the membrane oxygenator. In this paper, we present a new optical sensor specifically designed for the measurement of CO<sub>2</sub> concentration in oxygenator exhaust gas. Further, the developed sensor allows measurement of the gas flow applied to the membrane oxygenator as well as the estimation of the CO<sub>2</sub> removal rate. A heating module is implemented within the sensor to avoid water vapor condensation. Effects of temperature on the sensor optical elements of the sensors are disclosed, as well as a method to avoid signal–temperature dependency. The newly developed sensor has been tested and compared against a reference device routinely used in clinical practice in both laboratory and in vivo conditions. Results show that sensor accuracy fulfills the requirements of the ISO standard, and that is suitable for clinical applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:51:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-28d88c2de45f4c2389919201918e531b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:51:06Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-28d88c2de45f4c2389919201918e531b2023-11-20T05:06:39ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-06-012013361310.3390/s20133613Development of a CO<sub>2</sub> Sensor for Extracorporeal Life Support ApplicationsMichele Bellancini0Laura Cercenelli1Stefano Severi2Guido Comai3Emanuela Marcelli4Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi” (DEI), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, ItalyLaboratory of Bioengineering, Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi” (DEI), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, ItalyMediCon Ingegneria s.r.l, 40054 Budrio, ItalyLaboratory of Bioengineering, Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, ItalyMeasurement of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) in medical applications is a well-established method for monitoring patient’s pulmonary function in a noninvasive way widely used in emergency, intensive care, and during anesthesia. Even in extracorporeal-life support applications, such as Extracorporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal (ECCO<sub>2</sub>R), Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO), and cardiopulmonary by-pass (CPB), measurement of the CO<sub>2</sub> concentration in the membrane oxygenator exhaust gas is proven to be useful to evaluate the treatment progress as well as the performance of the membrane oxygenator. In this paper, we present a new optical sensor specifically designed for the measurement of CO<sub>2</sub> concentration in oxygenator exhaust gas. Further, the developed sensor allows measurement of the gas flow applied to the membrane oxygenator as well as the estimation of the CO<sub>2</sub> removal rate. A heating module is implemented within the sensor to avoid water vapor condensation. Effects of temperature on the sensor optical elements of the sensors are disclosed, as well as a method to avoid signal–temperature dependency. The newly developed sensor has been tested and compared against a reference device routinely used in clinical practice in both laboratory and in vivo conditions. Results show that sensor accuracy fulfills the requirements of the ISO standard, and that is suitable for clinical applications.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/13/3613CO<sub>2</sub> sensormid-IRextracorporeal life support devices |
| spellingShingle | Michele Bellancini Laura Cercenelli Stefano Severi Guido Comai Emanuela Marcelli Development of a CO<sub>2</sub> Sensor for Extracorporeal Life Support Applications Sensors CO<sub>2</sub> sensor mid-IR extracorporeal life support devices |
| title | Development of a CO<sub>2</sub> Sensor for Extracorporeal Life Support Applications |
| title_full | Development of a CO<sub>2</sub> Sensor for Extracorporeal Life Support Applications |
| title_fullStr | Development of a CO<sub>2</sub> Sensor for Extracorporeal Life Support Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of a CO<sub>2</sub> Sensor for Extracorporeal Life Support Applications |
| title_short | Development of a CO<sub>2</sub> Sensor for Extracorporeal Life Support Applications |
| title_sort | development of a co sub 2 sub sensor for extracorporeal life support applications |
| topic | CO<sub>2</sub> sensor mid-IR extracorporeal life support devices |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/13/3613 |
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