| Summary: | This article examines the evolution of issues and practices relating to the governing of household energy consumption in Japan since the oil crises of the 1970s. It highlights the impact of domestic and international circumstances, scientific and technical progress, and the expression of industrial stakeholders’ interests. During the 1990s, international agreements on climate change mitigation led to increased promotion of energy-saving behaviours, establishing the Ministry of the Environment as a new stakeholder in Japan’s energy policy. State intervention has increased again since the Fukushima disaster and the development of new policy tools in the United States, while retaining the objective of maintaining the competitiveness of Japanese companies and promoting economic growth.
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