Efficient Coding of the Embedded Signal in Steganographic Systems with Multiple Access
Today, steganographic systems with multiple access are of considerable importance. In such sys-tems, the orthogonal Walsh-Hadamard transform is most often used for multiplexing and divid-ing channels, which leads to the need for efficient coding of the Walsh-Hadamard transform coefficients for the c...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Academy of Sciences of Moldova
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Problems of the Regional Energetics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journal.ie.asm.md/assets/files/09_02_50_2021.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818740564867153920 |
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| author | Kobozeva A.A. Kobozeva A.A., |
| author_facet | Kobozeva A.A. Kobozeva A.A., |
| author_sort | Kobozeva A.A. |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Today, steganographic systems with multiple access are of considerable importance. In such sys-tems, the orthogonal Walsh-Hadamard transform is most often used for multiplexing and divid-ing channels, which leads to the need for efficient coding of the Walsh-Hadamard transform coefficients for the convenience of their subsequent embedding. The purpose of the research is to develop a theoretical basis for efficient coding of the embedded signal in steganographic sys-tems with multiple access with an arbitrary number of users N, based on MC-CDMA technology. This purpose was fulfilled by forming the theoretical basis for constructing effective codes de-signed to encode the embedded signal in steganographic systems with multiple access. The most important results obtained are the proposed and proven relations that determine both the possible values of the Walsh-Hadamard transform coefficients, for a given value of the number of divid-ed channels, and the probability of occurrence of the given values of the Walsh-Hadamard transform coefficients, which allow the construction of effective codes to represent the embed-ded signal. In the case of the number of divided channels N=4, we propose to use a constant amplitude code that provides a smaller value of the average codeword length in comparison with the Huffman code, while the constructed code has correcting capabilities. The significance of the obtained results is determined by the possibility of using the developed theoretical basis when constructing effective codes for encoding the embedded signal in steganographic systems with multiple access at an arbitrary value of the number of divided channels N. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T01:42:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-28f4aff4cdee4e909b97fe32a0cfaa3b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1857-0070 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T01:42:44Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | Academy of Sciences of Moldova |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Problems of the Regional Energetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-28f4aff4cdee4e909b97fe32a0cfaa3b2022-12-21T21:25:15ZengAcademy of Sciences of MoldovaProblems of the Regional Energetics1857-00702021-06-0150210111310.52254/1857-0070.2021.2-50.09Efficient Coding of the Embedded Signal in Steganographic Systems with Multiple AccessKobozeva A.A.0 Kobozeva A.A., 1Odessa National Polytechnic University, Odessa, UkraineOdessa National Polytechnic University, Odessa, UkraineToday, steganographic systems with multiple access are of considerable importance. In such sys-tems, the orthogonal Walsh-Hadamard transform is most often used for multiplexing and divid-ing channels, which leads to the need for efficient coding of the Walsh-Hadamard transform coefficients for the convenience of their subsequent embedding. The purpose of the research is to develop a theoretical basis for efficient coding of the embedded signal in steganographic sys-tems with multiple access with an arbitrary number of users N, based on MC-CDMA technology. This purpose was fulfilled by forming the theoretical basis for constructing effective codes de-signed to encode the embedded signal in steganographic systems with multiple access. The most important results obtained are the proposed and proven relations that determine both the possible values of the Walsh-Hadamard transform coefficients, for a given value of the number of divid-ed channels, and the probability of occurrence of the given values of the Walsh-Hadamard transform coefficients, which allow the construction of effective codes to represent the embed-ded signal. In the case of the number of divided channels N=4, we propose to use a constant amplitude code that provides a smaller value of the average codeword length in comparison with the Huffman code, while the constructed code has correcting capabilities. The significance of the obtained results is determined by the possibility of using the developed theoretical basis when constructing effective codes for encoding the embedded signal in steganographic systems with multiple access at an arbitrary value of the number of divided channels N.https://journal.ie.asm.md/assets/files/09_02_50_2021.pdfsteganographymultiple accesswalsh-hadamard transformefficient codingc-code. |
| spellingShingle | Kobozeva A.A. Kobozeva A.A., Efficient Coding of the Embedded Signal in Steganographic Systems with Multiple Access Problems of the Regional Energetics steganography multiple access walsh-hadamard transform efficient coding c-code. |
| title | Efficient Coding of the Embedded Signal in Steganographic Systems with Multiple Access |
| title_full | Efficient Coding of the Embedded Signal in Steganographic Systems with Multiple Access |
| title_fullStr | Efficient Coding of the Embedded Signal in Steganographic Systems with Multiple Access |
| title_full_unstemmed | Efficient Coding of the Embedded Signal in Steganographic Systems with Multiple Access |
| title_short | Efficient Coding of the Embedded Signal in Steganographic Systems with Multiple Access |
| title_sort | efficient coding of the embedded signal in steganographic systems with multiple access |
| topic | steganography multiple access walsh-hadamard transform efficient coding c-code. |
| url | https://journal.ie.asm.md/assets/files/09_02_50_2021.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kobozevaaa efficientcodingoftheembeddedsignalinsteganographicsystemswithmultipleaccess AT kobozevaaa efficientcodingoftheembeddedsignalinsteganographicsystemswithmultipleaccess |