Intrauterine Growth Restriction: New Insight from the Metabolomic Approach
Recognizing intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a matter of great concern because this condition can significantly affect the newborn’s short- and long-term health. Ever since the first suggestion of the “thrifty phenotype hypothesis” in the last decade of the 20t...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-11-01
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| Series: | Metabolites |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/9/11/267 |
| _version_ | 1811259210474717184 |
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| author | Elena Priante Giovanna Verlato Giuseppe Giordano Matteo Stocchero Silvia Visentin Veronica Mardegan Eugenio Baraldi |
| author_facet | Elena Priante Giovanna Verlato Giuseppe Giordano Matteo Stocchero Silvia Visentin Veronica Mardegan Eugenio Baraldi |
| author_sort | Elena Priante |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recognizing intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a matter of great concern because this condition can significantly affect the newborn’s short- and long-term health. Ever since the first suggestion of the “thrifty phenotype hypothesis” in the last decade of the 20th century, a number of studies have confirmed the association between low birth weight and cardiometabolic syndrome later in life. During intrauterine life, the growth-restricted fetus makes a number of hemodynamic, metabolic, and hormonal adjustments to cope with the adverse uterine environment, and these changes may become permanent and irreversible. Despite advances in our knowledge of IUGR newborns, biomarkers capable of identifying this condition early on, and stratifying its severity both pre- and postnatally, are still lacking. We are also still unsure about these babies’ trajectory of postnatal growth and their specific nutritional requirements with a view to preventing, or at least limiting, long-term complications. In this setting, untargeted metabolomics—a relatively new field of ‘-omics’ research—can be a good way to investigate the metabolic perturbations typically associated with IUGR. The aim of this narrative review is to provide a general overview of the pathophysiological and clinical aspects of IUGR, focusing on evidence emerging from metabolomic studies. Though still only preliminary, the reports emerging so far suggest an “early” pattern of glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, catabolite accumulation, and altered amino acid metabolism in IUGR neonates. Further, larger studies are needed to confirm these results and judge their applicability to clinical practice. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T18:27:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-28fc3e3cd82343c994163b9f9cb2f073 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T18:27:06Z |
| publishDate | 2019-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-28fc3e3cd82343c994163b9f9cb2f0732022-12-22T03:21:12ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892019-11-0191126710.3390/metabo9110267metabo9110267Intrauterine Growth Restriction: New Insight from the Metabolomic ApproachElena Priante0Giovanna Verlato1Giuseppe Giordano2Matteo Stocchero3Silvia Visentin4Veronica Mardegan5Eugenio Baraldi6Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, ItalyNeonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, ItalyDepartment of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, ItalyDepartment of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, ItalyGynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, ItalyNeonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, ItalyNeonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, ItalyRecognizing intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a matter of great concern because this condition can significantly affect the newborn’s short- and long-term health. Ever since the first suggestion of the “thrifty phenotype hypothesis” in the last decade of the 20th century, a number of studies have confirmed the association between low birth weight and cardiometabolic syndrome later in life. During intrauterine life, the growth-restricted fetus makes a number of hemodynamic, metabolic, and hormonal adjustments to cope with the adverse uterine environment, and these changes may become permanent and irreversible. Despite advances in our knowledge of IUGR newborns, biomarkers capable of identifying this condition early on, and stratifying its severity both pre- and postnatally, are still lacking. We are also still unsure about these babies’ trajectory of postnatal growth and their specific nutritional requirements with a view to preventing, or at least limiting, long-term complications. In this setting, untargeted metabolomics—a relatively new field of ‘-omics’ research—can be a good way to investigate the metabolic perturbations typically associated with IUGR. The aim of this narrative review is to provide a general overview of the pathophysiological and clinical aspects of IUGR, focusing on evidence emerging from metabolomic studies. Though still only preliminary, the reports emerging so far suggest an “early” pattern of glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, catabolite accumulation, and altered amino acid metabolism in IUGR neonates. Further, larger studies are needed to confirm these results and judge their applicability to clinical practice.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/9/11/267intrauterine growth restrictionfetal growth restrictionsmall for gestational agemetabolomicsnewbornnuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopymass spectrometrybiomarkers |
| spellingShingle | Elena Priante Giovanna Verlato Giuseppe Giordano Matteo Stocchero Silvia Visentin Veronica Mardegan Eugenio Baraldi Intrauterine Growth Restriction: New Insight from the Metabolomic Approach Metabolites intrauterine growth restriction fetal growth restriction small for gestational age metabolomics newborn nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy mass spectrometry biomarkers |
| title | Intrauterine Growth Restriction: New Insight from the Metabolomic Approach |
| title_full | Intrauterine Growth Restriction: New Insight from the Metabolomic Approach |
| title_fullStr | Intrauterine Growth Restriction: New Insight from the Metabolomic Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Intrauterine Growth Restriction: New Insight from the Metabolomic Approach |
| title_short | Intrauterine Growth Restriction: New Insight from the Metabolomic Approach |
| title_sort | intrauterine growth restriction new insight from the metabolomic approach |
| topic | intrauterine growth restriction fetal growth restriction small for gestational age metabolomics newborn nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy mass spectrometry biomarkers |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/9/11/267 |
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