| Summary: | Alkaloids are important metabolites found across a variety of organisms with diverse ecological functions. Of particular interest are alkaloids found in ants, organisms well known for dominating the ecosystems they dwell in. Within ants, alkaloids are found in venom and function as potent weapons against heterospecific species. However, research is often limited to pest species or species with parasitic lifestyles and thus fails to address the broader ecological function of ant venom alkaloids. Here we describe a new species of free-living <i>Megalomyrmex</i> ant: <i>Megalomyrmex peetersi</i> sp. n. In addition, we identify its singular venom alkaloid (<i>trans</i>-2-butyl-5-heptylpyrrolidine) and elucidate the antibiotic and insecticidal functions of its venom. Our results show that <i>Megalomyrmex peetersi</i> sp. n. venom is an effective antibiotic and insecticide. These results are comparable to venom alkaloids found in other ant species, such as <i>Solenopsis invicta.</i> This research provides great insight into venom alkaloid function, and it is the first study to explore these ideas in the <i>Megalomyrmex</i> system.
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