Crystalline Phase Transitions and Reactivity of Ammonium Nitrate in Systems Containing Selected Carbonate Salts
Samples of pure ammonium nitrate (AN) and its mixtures with calcium carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate and potassium carbonate were investigated with the use of differential thermal analysis with mass spectrometry, powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The main objective of...
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Crystals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/11/10/1250 |
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| author | Maciej Kaniewski Marta Huculak-Mączka Jakub Zieliński Marcin Biegun Krystyna Hoffmann Józef Hoffmann |
| author_facet | Maciej Kaniewski Marta Huculak-Mączka Jakub Zieliński Marcin Biegun Krystyna Hoffmann Józef Hoffmann |
| author_sort | Maciej Kaniewski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Samples of pure ammonium nitrate (AN) and its mixtures with calcium carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate and potassium carbonate were investigated with the use of differential thermal analysis with mass spectrometry, powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The main objective of the study was to determine the influence of selected carbonate materials on phase transitions of ammonium nitrate and to consider a possibility to use such potassium salts as fillers in fertilizer production. It was proven that all carbonate salts caused the absence of a phase transition that normally would occur at around 84–86 °C. Potassium carbonates were too reactive in systems containing AN. Based on the performed study, it was concluded that even though potassium carbonates are not fit to replace mineral fillers in the production process of fertilizers containing ammonium nitrate, they could be used in lesser amounts to remove the presence of low-temperature phase transitions of AN. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:38:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-290996d82b5f49daa1a9f7ebd0be205f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4352 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:38:19Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Crystals |
| spelling | doaj.art-290996d82b5f49daa1a9f7ebd0be205f2023-11-22T17:53:58ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522021-10-011110125010.3390/cryst11101250Crystalline Phase Transitions and Reactivity of Ammonium Nitrate in Systems Containing Selected Carbonate SaltsMaciej Kaniewski0Marta Huculak-Mączka1Jakub Zieliński2Marcin Biegun3Krystyna Hoffmann4Józef Hoffmann5Department of Engineering and Technology of Chemical Processes, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, PolandDepartment of Engineering and Technology of Chemical Processes, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, PolandDepartment of Engineering and Technology of Chemical Processes, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, PolandDepartment of Engineering and Technology of Chemical Processes, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, PolandDepartment of Micro, Nano and Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, PolandDepartment of Engineering and Technology of Chemical Processes, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, PolandSamples of pure ammonium nitrate (AN) and its mixtures with calcium carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate and potassium carbonate were investigated with the use of differential thermal analysis with mass spectrometry, powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The main objective of the study was to determine the influence of selected carbonate materials on phase transitions of ammonium nitrate and to consider a possibility to use such potassium salts as fillers in fertilizer production. It was proven that all carbonate salts caused the absence of a phase transition that normally would occur at around 84–86 °C. Potassium carbonates were too reactive in systems containing AN. Based on the performed study, it was concluded that even though potassium carbonates are not fit to replace mineral fillers in the production process of fertilizers containing ammonium nitrate, they could be used in lesser amounts to remove the presence of low-temperature phase transitions of AN.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/11/10/1250crystalline phaseammonium nitratecarbonate saltsfertilizersDTA-TG-MS |
| spellingShingle | Maciej Kaniewski Marta Huculak-Mączka Jakub Zieliński Marcin Biegun Krystyna Hoffmann Józef Hoffmann Crystalline Phase Transitions and Reactivity of Ammonium Nitrate in Systems Containing Selected Carbonate Salts Crystals crystalline phase ammonium nitrate carbonate salts fertilizers DTA-TG-MS |
| title | Crystalline Phase Transitions and Reactivity of Ammonium Nitrate in Systems Containing Selected Carbonate Salts |
| title_full | Crystalline Phase Transitions and Reactivity of Ammonium Nitrate in Systems Containing Selected Carbonate Salts |
| title_fullStr | Crystalline Phase Transitions and Reactivity of Ammonium Nitrate in Systems Containing Selected Carbonate Salts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Crystalline Phase Transitions and Reactivity of Ammonium Nitrate in Systems Containing Selected Carbonate Salts |
| title_short | Crystalline Phase Transitions and Reactivity of Ammonium Nitrate in Systems Containing Selected Carbonate Salts |
| title_sort | crystalline phase transitions and reactivity of ammonium nitrate in systems containing selected carbonate salts |
| topic | crystalline phase ammonium nitrate carbonate salts fertilizers DTA-TG-MS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/11/10/1250 |
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