Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Urban Heat Island Based on Geographically Weighted Regression Model: A Case Study of Urumqi City
Rapid urbanization threatens the ecological environment and quality of life by significantly altering land use and land cover (LULC) and heat distribution. One of the most significant environmental consequences of urbanization is the urban heat island effect (UHI). This study investigated the spatio...
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/11/2012 |
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| author | Yunfei Ma Yusuyunjiang Mamitimin Bahejiayinaer Tiemuerbieke Rebiya Yimaer Meiling Huang Han Chen Tongtong Tao Xinyi Guo |
| author_facet | Yunfei Ma Yusuyunjiang Mamitimin Bahejiayinaer Tiemuerbieke Rebiya Yimaer Meiling Huang Han Chen Tongtong Tao Xinyi Guo |
| author_sort | Yunfei Ma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rapid urbanization threatens the ecological environment and quality of life by significantly altering land use and land cover (LULC) and heat distribution. One of the most significant environmental consequences of urbanization is the urban heat island effect (UHI). This study investigated the spatiotemporal characteristics of the SUHI and its relationship with land use types from 2000 to 2020 in Urumqi City, located in an arid and semi-arid region of northwestern China. Additionally, the ordinary least squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models were used to quantify the relationship between the land surface temperature (LST) and influencing factors. The results showed that the area of the lower surface temperature classes has decreased significantly. In comparison, the area of the higher surface temperature classes has experienced a steady rise over the last two decades. From 2000 to 2020, the share of the area occupied by the temperature range <30 °C decreased by 67.09%. In addition, the LST varied significantly from one category of land use to another. The average LST of built-up land and unused land was higher than the average LST of other land use types in all years, while the average LST of grassland, forest land, and water bodies was significantly lower. Finally, the results of the GWR model showed that R<sup>2</sup> and adjusted R<sup>2</sup> of the GWR were 0.75 and 0.73, obviously larger than the 0.58 of the OLS models. The GWR model’s higher R<sup>2</sup> and adjusted R<sup>2</sup> compared to the OLS model indicates that the relationship between LST and the influencing factors underlying the model may exhibit spatial non-stationarity, and the GWR model performs better than the OLS model. The results of both OLS and GWR models show that the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and slope were negatively correlated with LST, while the urban index (UI) and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) were positively correlated with LST. The findings of the study indicate that increasing green spaces and limiting the unplanned expansion of urban areas are effective measures to mitigate the UHIs in the study area. The results of the study may provide valuable insights into the spatiotemporal characteristics of the UHI and its drivers. Understanding the spatiotemporal characteristics of the UHI can help urban planners, policymakers, and scientists develop more effective urban cooling strategies and improve the urban thermal environment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:40:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-29124a7b95f741a3ba658d76fbae4b83 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-445X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:40:51Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-29124a7b95f741a3ba658d76fbae4b832023-11-24T14:51:55ZengMDPI AGLand2073-445X2023-11-011211201210.3390/land12112012Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Urban Heat Island Based on Geographically Weighted Regression Model: A Case Study of Urumqi CityYunfei Ma0Yusuyunjiang Mamitimin1Bahejiayinaer Tiemuerbieke2Rebiya Yimaer3Meiling Huang4Han Chen5Tongtong Tao6Xinyi Guo7College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, ChinaCollege of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, ChinaCollege of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, ChinaCollege of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, ChinaCollege of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, ChinaCollege of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, ChinaCollege of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, ChinaCollege of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, ChinaRapid urbanization threatens the ecological environment and quality of life by significantly altering land use and land cover (LULC) and heat distribution. One of the most significant environmental consequences of urbanization is the urban heat island effect (UHI). This study investigated the spatiotemporal characteristics of the SUHI and its relationship with land use types from 2000 to 2020 in Urumqi City, located in an arid and semi-arid region of northwestern China. Additionally, the ordinary least squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models were used to quantify the relationship between the land surface temperature (LST) and influencing factors. The results showed that the area of the lower surface temperature classes has decreased significantly. In comparison, the area of the higher surface temperature classes has experienced a steady rise over the last two decades. From 2000 to 2020, the share of the area occupied by the temperature range <30 °C decreased by 67.09%. In addition, the LST varied significantly from one category of land use to another. The average LST of built-up land and unused land was higher than the average LST of other land use types in all years, while the average LST of grassland, forest land, and water bodies was significantly lower. Finally, the results of the GWR model showed that R<sup>2</sup> and adjusted R<sup>2</sup> of the GWR were 0.75 and 0.73, obviously larger than the 0.58 of the OLS models. The GWR model’s higher R<sup>2</sup> and adjusted R<sup>2</sup> compared to the OLS model indicates that the relationship between LST and the influencing factors underlying the model may exhibit spatial non-stationarity, and the GWR model performs better than the OLS model. The results of both OLS and GWR models show that the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and slope were negatively correlated with LST, while the urban index (UI) and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) were positively correlated with LST. The findings of the study indicate that increasing green spaces and limiting the unplanned expansion of urban areas are effective measures to mitigate the UHIs in the study area. The results of the study may provide valuable insights into the spatiotemporal characteristics of the UHI and its drivers. Understanding the spatiotemporal characteristics of the UHI can help urban planners, policymakers, and scientists develop more effective urban cooling strategies and improve the urban thermal environment.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/11/2012arid and semi-arid regionsUrumqi Cityland use and land coverland surface temperatureurban heat islandgeographically weighted regression |
| spellingShingle | Yunfei Ma Yusuyunjiang Mamitimin Bahejiayinaer Tiemuerbieke Rebiya Yimaer Meiling Huang Han Chen Tongtong Tao Xinyi Guo Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Urban Heat Island Based on Geographically Weighted Regression Model: A Case Study of Urumqi City Land arid and semi-arid regions Urumqi City land use and land cover land surface temperature urban heat island geographically weighted regression |
| title | Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Urban Heat Island Based on Geographically Weighted Regression Model: A Case Study of Urumqi City |
| title_full | Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Urban Heat Island Based on Geographically Weighted Regression Model: A Case Study of Urumqi City |
| title_fullStr | Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Urban Heat Island Based on Geographically Weighted Regression Model: A Case Study of Urumqi City |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Urban Heat Island Based on Geographically Weighted Regression Model: A Case Study of Urumqi City |
| title_short | Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Urban Heat Island Based on Geographically Weighted Regression Model: A Case Study of Urumqi City |
| title_sort | spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors of urban heat island based on geographically weighted regression model a case study of urumqi city |
| topic | arid and semi-arid regions Urumqi City land use and land cover land surface temperature urban heat island geographically weighted regression |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/11/2012 |
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