Immune cell infiltration and immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a highly malignant tumor and patients yield limited benefits from the existing treatments. The application of immune checkpoint inhibitors is promising but the results described in the literature are not favorable. It is therefore urgent to systematically analyze the immu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Jezik: | English |
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AIMS Press
2022-05-01
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| Serija: | Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering |
| Teme: | |
| Online dostop: | https://www.aimspress.com/article/doi/10.3934/mbe.2022339?viewType=HTML |
| _version_ | 1828731177386639360 |
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| author | Yu Jiang Lijuan Lin Huiming Lv He Zhang Lili Jiang Fenfen Ma Qiuyue Wang Xue Ma Shengjin Yu |
| author_facet | Yu Jiang Lijuan Lin Huiming Lv He Zhang Lili Jiang Fenfen Ma Qiuyue Wang Xue Ma Shengjin Yu |
| author_sort | Yu Jiang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hepatocellular carcinoma is a highly malignant tumor and patients yield limited benefits from the existing treatments. The application of immune checkpoint inhibitors is promising but the results described in the literature are not favorable. It is therefore urgent to systematically analyze the immune microenvironment of HCC and screen the population best suited for the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors to provide a basis for clinical treatment. In this study, we collected The Cancer Genome Atlas Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA-LIHC)-related data sets to evaluate the immune microenvironment and immune cell infiltration (ICI) in HCC. Three independent ICI subtypes showing significant differences in survival were identified. Further, TCGA-LIHC immunophenoscore (IPS) was used to identify the differentially expressed genes between high- and low-IPS in HCC, so as to identify the immune gene subtypes in HCC tumors. The ICI score model for HCC was constructed, whereby we divided HCC samples into high- and low-score groups based on the median ICI score. The differences between these groups in genomic mutation load and immunotherapy benefit in HCC were examined in detail to provide theoretical support for accurate immunotherapy strategy in HCC. Finally, four genes were screened, which could accurately predict the subtype based on the tumor immune infiltration score. The findings may provide a basis and simplify the process for screening clinical drugs suitable for relevant subgroups. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T17:42:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2912e45cf69a4c8cbb14eba927e90f54 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1551-0018 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T17:42:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | AIMS Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-2912e45cf69a4c8cbb14eba927e90f542022-12-22T03:22:47ZengAIMS PressMathematical Biosciences and Engineering1551-00182022-05-011977178720010.3934/mbe.2022339Immune cell infiltration and immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinomaYu Jiang0Lijuan Lin 1Huiming Lv 2He Zhang3Lili Jiang4Fenfen Ma5Qiuyue Wang 6Xue Ma7Shengjin Yu8Institute of Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong 118000, ChinaInstitute of Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong 118000, ChinaInstitute of Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong 118000, ChinaInstitute of Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong 118000, ChinaInstitute of Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong 118000, ChinaInstitute of Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong 118000, ChinaInstitute of Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong 118000, ChinaInstitute of Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong 118000, ChinaInstitute of Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong 118000, ChinaHepatocellular carcinoma is a highly malignant tumor and patients yield limited benefits from the existing treatments. The application of immune checkpoint inhibitors is promising but the results described in the literature are not favorable. It is therefore urgent to systematically analyze the immune microenvironment of HCC and screen the population best suited for the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors to provide a basis for clinical treatment. In this study, we collected The Cancer Genome Atlas Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA-LIHC)-related data sets to evaluate the immune microenvironment and immune cell infiltration (ICI) in HCC. Three independent ICI subtypes showing significant differences in survival were identified. Further, TCGA-LIHC immunophenoscore (IPS) was used to identify the differentially expressed genes between high- and low-IPS in HCC, so as to identify the immune gene subtypes in HCC tumors. The ICI score model for HCC was constructed, whereby we divided HCC samples into high- and low-score groups based on the median ICI score. The differences between these groups in genomic mutation load and immunotherapy benefit in HCC were examined in detail to provide theoretical support for accurate immunotherapy strategy in HCC. Finally, four genes were screened, which could accurately predict the subtype based on the tumor immune infiltration score. The findings may provide a basis and simplify the process for screening clinical drugs suitable for relevant subgroups.https://www.aimspress.com/article/doi/10.3934/mbe.2022339?viewType=HTMLimmune cell infiltrationimmune microenvironmentimmunotherapyhepatocellular carcinomamolecular subtypeprognosis |
| spellingShingle | Yu Jiang Lijuan Lin Huiming Lv He Zhang Lili Jiang Fenfen Ma Qiuyue Wang Xue Ma Shengjin Yu Immune cell infiltration and immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering immune cell infiltration immune microenvironment immunotherapy hepatocellular carcinoma molecular subtype prognosis |
| title | Immune cell infiltration and immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma |
| title_full | Immune cell infiltration and immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma |
| title_fullStr | Immune cell infiltration and immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immune cell infiltration and immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma |
| title_short | Immune cell infiltration and immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma |
| title_sort | immune cell infiltration and immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma |
| topic | immune cell infiltration immune microenvironment immunotherapy hepatocellular carcinoma molecular subtype prognosis |
| url | https://www.aimspress.com/article/doi/10.3934/mbe.2022339?viewType=HTML |
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