The Importance of Toll-like Receptor 9 Expression on Monocytes and Dendritic Cells in the Context of Epstein–Barr Virus Infection in the Immunopathogenesis of Primary Glomerulonephritis
Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is activated by unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) dinucleotides found in the genomes of pathogens such as Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). The aim of this study was to determine the role of TLR9 in the immunopathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and membranoprolif...
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/19/11796 |
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| author | Iwona Smarz-Widelska Sebastian Mertowski Paulina Mertowska Izabela Korona-Głowniak Anna Hymos Ewelina Grywalska Wojciech Załuska |
| author_facet | Iwona Smarz-Widelska Sebastian Mertowski Paulina Mertowska Izabela Korona-Głowniak Anna Hymos Ewelina Grywalska Wojciech Załuska |
| author_sort | Iwona Smarz-Widelska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is activated by unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) dinucleotides found in the genomes of pathogens such as Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). The aim of this study was to determine the role of TLR9 in the immunopathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) in the context of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. For this purpose, the frequency of TLR9-positive monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs, i.e., BDCA-1; myeloid dendritic cells, and BDCA-2; plasmocytoid dendritic cells) was studied, and a quantitative analysis of the concentration of TLR9 in the serum of patients diagnosed with IgAN and MPGN was undertaken. Higher frequencies of TLR9-positive DCs and monocytes in IgAN and MPGN patients were observed as compared with the control group. Patients diagnosed with GN exhibited a higher percentage of BDCA-1+CD19− and BDCA-2+CD123+ DCs than patients in the control group. Moreover, serum TLR9 concentration was shown to be significantly correlated with EBV DNA copy number/µg DNA, IgG, IgM, serum albumin, total protein in 24-h urine collection test and the frequency of BDCA-2+CD123+ DCs in peripheral blood. Our findings confirm that TLR9 may be involved in the development of IgAN and MPGN. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:37:02Z |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-291cfc38a5604a0b8bdfb6bb8a224b362023-11-23T20:39:28ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-10-0123191179610.3390/ijms231911796The Importance of Toll-like Receptor 9 Expression on Monocytes and Dendritic Cells in the Context of Epstein–Barr Virus Infection in the Immunopathogenesis of Primary GlomerulonephritisIwona Smarz-Widelska0Sebastian Mertowski1Paulina Mertowska2Izabela Korona-Głowniak3Anna Hymos4Ewelina Grywalska5Wojciech Załuska6Department of Nephrology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński Provincial Hospital in Lublin, 20-718 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Jaczewskiego Street, 20-954 Lublin, PolandToll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is activated by unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) dinucleotides found in the genomes of pathogens such as Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). The aim of this study was to determine the role of TLR9 in the immunopathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) in the context of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. For this purpose, the frequency of TLR9-positive monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs, i.e., BDCA-1; myeloid dendritic cells, and BDCA-2; plasmocytoid dendritic cells) was studied, and a quantitative analysis of the concentration of TLR9 in the serum of patients diagnosed with IgAN and MPGN was undertaken. Higher frequencies of TLR9-positive DCs and monocytes in IgAN and MPGN patients were observed as compared with the control group. Patients diagnosed with GN exhibited a higher percentage of BDCA-1+CD19− and BDCA-2+CD123+ DCs than patients in the control group. Moreover, serum TLR9 concentration was shown to be significantly correlated with EBV DNA copy number/µg DNA, IgG, IgM, serum albumin, total protein in 24-h urine collection test and the frequency of BDCA-2+CD123+ DCs in peripheral blood. Our findings confirm that TLR9 may be involved in the development of IgAN and MPGN.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/19/11796Toll-like receptor 9glomerulonephritisIgA nephropathymembranoproliferative glomerulonephritismonocytesdendritic cells |
| spellingShingle | Iwona Smarz-Widelska Sebastian Mertowski Paulina Mertowska Izabela Korona-Głowniak Anna Hymos Ewelina Grywalska Wojciech Załuska The Importance of Toll-like Receptor 9 Expression on Monocytes and Dendritic Cells in the Context of Epstein–Barr Virus Infection in the Immunopathogenesis of Primary Glomerulonephritis International Journal of Molecular Sciences Toll-like receptor 9 glomerulonephritis IgA nephropathy membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis monocytes dendritic cells |
| title | The Importance of Toll-like Receptor 9 Expression on Monocytes and Dendritic Cells in the Context of Epstein–Barr Virus Infection in the Immunopathogenesis of Primary Glomerulonephritis |
| title_full | The Importance of Toll-like Receptor 9 Expression on Monocytes and Dendritic Cells in the Context of Epstein–Barr Virus Infection in the Immunopathogenesis of Primary Glomerulonephritis |
| title_fullStr | The Importance of Toll-like Receptor 9 Expression on Monocytes and Dendritic Cells in the Context of Epstein–Barr Virus Infection in the Immunopathogenesis of Primary Glomerulonephritis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Importance of Toll-like Receptor 9 Expression on Monocytes and Dendritic Cells in the Context of Epstein–Barr Virus Infection in the Immunopathogenesis of Primary Glomerulonephritis |
| title_short | The Importance of Toll-like Receptor 9 Expression on Monocytes and Dendritic Cells in the Context of Epstein–Barr Virus Infection in the Immunopathogenesis of Primary Glomerulonephritis |
| title_sort | importance of toll like receptor 9 expression on monocytes and dendritic cells in the context of epstein barr virus infection in the immunopathogenesis of primary glomerulonephritis |
| topic | Toll-like receptor 9 glomerulonephritis IgA nephropathy membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis monocytes dendritic cells |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/19/11796 |
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