Hail climatology and its possible attributions in Beijing, China: 1980-2021
Hail hazards have caused severe losses and threatened the safety of residents in Beijing, the Chinese capital city. A refined analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of hailstorms in Beijing can help to evaluate the risk of hail and guide the operations of hail prevention. The distribution...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Environmental Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.1097766/full |
| _version_ | 1797960335649406976 |
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| author | Yuxuan Bian Yaqiong Hu Mingxin Li Jianying Li Mengyu Huang Xincheng Ma |
| author_facet | Yuxuan Bian Yaqiong Hu Mingxin Li Jianying Li Mengyu Huang Xincheng Ma |
| author_sort | Yuxuan Bian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hail hazards have caused severe losses and threatened the safety of residents in Beijing, the Chinese capital city. A refined analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of hailstorms in Beijing can help to evaluate the risk of hail and guide the operations of hail prevention. The distribution of weather stations is relatively sparse to figure out the fine distribution of hail events. Therefore, a quality-controlled dataset of disaster information data reported from information reporters is used to analyze the fine temporal and spatial distributions of hail days and events in Beijing from 1980 to 2021 in this study. Hail events and hail days show an obvious downward trend with years from 1981 to 2010, while hail events show a strong upward trend from 2011 to 2021. The seasonal pattern of hail events shows a unimodal distribution from March to October, and the peak appears in June. Most of the hail events occurred from 14:00 to 21:00, while the highest counts appeared from 15:00 to 17:00. More and larger hails occurred in the northwestern mountains rather than southeastern plains in Beijing, highly correlated with the topography. Both total and severe hails hit the mountain area statistically earlier than the plain area. The most frequent hours of hails in the northwestern area and southeastern area were concentrated in the range of 13:00—17:00 and 16:00—20:00 CST, respectively. This time delay is due to the initiation location and movement direction of the convective storms. The influence of ENSO on warm season hails is positive in Beijing, which has a lag of 3 months or longer. The arctic oscillation has a negative correlation with hail days in each month from May to September. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T00:44:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-291e2d6b86b942c29f7f7095ea7f2510 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-665X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T00:44:24Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Environmental Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-291e2d6b86b942c29f7f7095ea7f25102023-01-05T18:53:03ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Environmental Science2296-665X2023-01-011010.3389/fenvs.2022.10977661097766Hail climatology and its possible attributions in Beijing, China: 1980-2021Yuxuan Bian0Yaqiong Hu1Mingxin Li2Jianying Li3Mengyu Huang4Xincheng Ma5State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Weather Modification Office, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Weather Modification Office, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Weather Modification Office, Beijing, ChinaHail hazards have caused severe losses and threatened the safety of residents in Beijing, the Chinese capital city. A refined analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of hailstorms in Beijing can help to evaluate the risk of hail and guide the operations of hail prevention. The distribution of weather stations is relatively sparse to figure out the fine distribution of hail events. Therefore, a quality-controlled dataset of disaster information data reported from information reporters is used to analyze the fine temporal and spatial distributions of hail days and events in Beijing from 1980 to 2021 in this study. Hail events and hail days show an obvious downward trend with years from 1981 to 2010, while hail events show a strong upward trend from 2011 to 2021. The seasonal pattern of hail events shows a unimodal distribution from March to October, and the peak appears in June. Most of the hail events occurred from 14:00 to 21:00, while the highest counts appeared from 15:00 to 17:00. More and larger hails occurred in the northwestern mountains rather than southeastern plains in Beijing, highly correlated with the topography. Both total and severe hails hit the mountain area statistically earlier than the plain area. The most frequent hours of hails in the northwestern area and southeastern area were concentrated in the range of 13:00—17:00 and 16:00—20:00 CST, respectively. This time delay is due to the initiation location and movement direction of the convective storms. The influence of ENSO on warm season hails is positive in Beijing, which has a lag of 3 months or longer. The arctic oscillation has a negative correlation with hail days in each month from May to September.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.1097766/fullhail climatologyBeijingdisaster information dataspatial-temporal distributionensoarctic oscillation |
| spellingShingle | Yuxuan Bian Yaqiong Hu Mingxin Li Jianying Li Mengyu Huang Xincheng Ma Hail climatology and its possible attributions in Beijing, China: 1980-2021 Frontiers in Environmental Science hail climatology Beijing disaster information data spatial-temporal distribution enso arctic oscillation |
| title | Hail climatology and its possible attributions in Beijing, China: 1980-2021 |
| title_full | Hail climatology and its possible attributions in Beijing, China: 1980-2021 |
| title_fullStr | Hail climatology and its possible attributions in Beijing, China: 1980-2021 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hail climatology and its possible attributions in Beijing, China: 1980-2021 |
| title_short | Hail climatology and its possible attributions in Beijing, China: 1980-2021 |
| title_sort | hail climatology and its possible attributions in beijing china 1980 2021 |
| topic | hail climatology Beijing disaster information data spatial-temporal distribution enso arctic oscillation |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.1097766/full |
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