Comparison Study between Indoor and Outdoor Chemical Composition of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Two Italian Areas
Outdoor air quality guidelines have been constantly implemented during the last decades. Nonetheless, no international regulations have been put into action in terms of indoor air quality standards and standardized procedures for indoor pollution measurements. In this study, we investigated the chem...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/4/368 |
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| author | Luca Tofful Cinzia Perrino Silvia Canepari |
| author_facet | Luca Tofful Cinzia Perrino Silvia Canepari |
| author_sort | Luca Tofful |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Outdoor air quality guidelines have been constantly implemented during the last decades. Nonetheless, no international regulations have been put into action in terms of indoor air quality standards and standardized procedures for indoor pollution measurements. In this study, we investigated the chemical composition of PM<sub>2.5</sub> collected outdoors and indoors at six dwellings located in two Italian areas. The selected sites concerned inland/central and southern Italy, including urban, peri-urban, rural and coastal settings. The seasonal and site-specific particulate matter (PM) variations were analyzed outdoors and indoors, by estimating the impact of the main macro-sources and the contribution of the macro- and micro-components. Outdoors, organic matter represented the main contribution at inland and coastal sites, respectively during winter and summer. A clear, seasonal variation was also observed for secondary inorganic species. A site-specific dependence was exhibited by traffic-related components. Indoors, organic and soil-related species were influenced by the presence of the inhabitants. Some specific tracers allowed to identify additional local source contributions and indoor activities. Although the sampling season and site location defined the outdoor air quality, the higher PM concentrations and the chemical composition indoors were influenced by the infiltration of outdoor air and by the indoor activities carried out by its inhabitants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:33:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2925217916924e078600f8803ac96d46 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:33:41Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-2925217916924e078600f8803ac96d462023-11-19T21:09:42ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332020-04-0111436810.3390/atmos11040368Comparison Study between Indoor and Outdoor Chemical Composition of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Two Italian AreasLuca Tofful0Cinzia Perrino1Silvia Canepari2National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Via Salaria Km. 29.300, Monterotondo St., 00015 Rome, ItalyNational Research Council (CNR), Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Via Salaria Km. 29.300, Monterotondo St., 00015 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyOutdoor air quality guidelines have been constantly implemented during the last decades. Nonetheless, no international regulations have been put into action in terms of indoor air quality standards and standardized procedures for indoor pollution measurements. In this study, we investigated the chemical composition of PM<sub>2.5</sub> collected outdoors and indoors at six dwellings located in two Italian areas. The selected sites concerned inland/central and southern Italy, including urban, peri-urban, rural and coastal settings. The seasonal and site-specific particulate matter (PM) variations were analyzed outdoors and indoors, by estimating the impact of the main macro-sources and the contribution of the macro- and micro-components. Outdoors, organic matter represented the main contribution at inland and coastal sites, respectively during winter and summer. A clear, seasonal variation was also observed for secondary inorganic species. A site-specific dependence was exhibited by traffic-related components. Indoors, organic and soil-related species were influenced by the presence of the inhabitants. Some specific tracers allowed to identify additional local source contributions and indoor activities. Although the sampling season and site location defined the outdoor air quality, the higher PM concentrations and the chemical composition indoors were influenced by the infiltration of outdoor air and by the indoor activities carried out by its inhabitants.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/4/368domestic environmentPM macro-sourcesPM macro-componentsextracted-elementsresidual elementsinfiltration |
| spellingShingle | Luca Tofful Cinzia Perrino Silvia Canepari Comparison Study between Indoor and Outdoor Chemical Composition of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Two Italian Areas Atmosphere domestic environment PM macro-sources PM macro-components extracted-elements residual elements infiltration |
| title | Comparison Study between Indoor and Outdoor Chemical Composition of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Two Italian Areas |
| title_full | Comparison Study between Indoor and Outdoor Chemical Composition of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Two Italian Areas |
| title_fullStr | Comparison Study between Indoor and Outdoor Chemical Composition of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Two Italian Areas |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison Study between Indoor and Outdoor Chemical Composition of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Two Italian Areas |
| title_short | Comparison Study between Indoor and Outdoor Chemical Composition of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Two Italian Areas |
| title_sort | comparison study between indoor and outdoor chemical composition of pm sub 2 5 sub in two italian areas |
| topic | domestic environment PM macro-sources PM macro-components extracted-elements residual elements infiltration |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/4/368 |
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