New Insights on Biological Activities, Chemical Compositions, and Classifications of Marine Actinomycetes Antifouling Agents
Biofouling is the assemblage of undesirable biological materials and macro-organisms (barnacles, mussels, etc.) on submerged surfaces, which has unfavorable impacts on the economy and maritime environments. Recently, research efforts have focused on isolating natural, eco-friendly antifouling agents...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/10/2444 |
| _version_ | 1827720298732978176 |
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| author | Radwa N. Morgan Amer Al Ali Mohammad Y. Alshahrani Khaled M. Aboshanab |
| author_facet | Radwa N. Morgan Amer Al Ali Mohammad Y. Alshahrani Khaled M. Aboshanab |
| author_sort | Radwa N. Morgan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Biofouling is the assemblage of undesirable biological materials and macro-organisms (barnacles, mussels, etc.) on submerged surfaces, which has unfavorable impacts on the economy and maritime environments. Recently, research efforts have focused on isolating natural, eco-friendly antifouling agents to counteract the toxicities of synthetic antifouling agents. Marine actinomycetes produce a multitude of active metabolites, some of which acquire antifouling properties. These antifouling compounds have chemical structures that fall under the terpenoids, polyketides, furanones, and alkaloids chemical groups. These compounds demonstrate eminent antimicrobial vigor associated with antiquorum sensing and antibiofilm potentialities against both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. They have also constrained larval settlements and the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, suggesting a strong anti-macrofouling activity. Despite their promising in vitro and in vivo biological activities, scaled-up production of natural antifouling agents retrieved from marine actinomycetes remains inapplicable and challenging. This might be attributed to their relatively low yield, the unreliability of in vitro tests, and the need for optimization before scaled-up manufacturing. This review will focus on some of the most recent marine actinomycete-derived antifouling agents, featuring their biological activities and chemical varieties after providing a quick overview of the disadvantages of fouling and commercially available synthetic antifouling agents. It will also offer different prospects of optimizations and analysis to scale up their industrial manufacturing for potential usage as antifouling coatings and antimicrobial and therapeutic agents. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:01:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-293e3b54bfc04f06ae54b54cda696e29 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:01:22Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-293e3b54bfc04f06ae54b54cda696e292023-11-19T17:26:49ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-09-011110244410.3390/microorganisms11102444New Insights on Biological Activities, Chemical Compositions, and Classifications of Marine Actinomycetes Antifouling AgentsRadwa N. Morgan0Amer Al Ali1Mohammad Y. Alshahrani2Khaled M. Aboshanab3National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Drug Radiation Research Department, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Ahmed El-Zomor St, Cairo 11787, EgyptDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, 255, Al Nakhil, Bisha 67714, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 9088, Saudi ArabiaMicrobiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization Street, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, EgyptBiofouling is the assemblage of undesirable biological materials and macro-organisms (barnacles, mussels, etc.) on submerged surfaces, which has unfavorable impacts on the economy and maritime environments. Recently, research efforts have focused on isolating natural, eco-friendly antifouling agents to counteract the toxicities of synthetic antifouling agents. Marine actinomycetes produce a multitude of active metabolites, some of which acquire antifouling properties. These antifouling compounds have chemical structures that fall under the terpenoids, polyketides, furanones, and alkaloids chemical groups. These compounds demonstrate eminent antimicrobial vigor associated with antiquorum sensing and antibiofilm potentialities against both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. They have also constrained larval settlements and the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, suggesting a strong anti-macrofouling activity. Despite their promising in vitro and in vivo biological activities, scaled-up production of natural antifouling agents retrieved from marine actinomycetes remains inapplicable and challenging. This might be attributed to their relatively low yield, the unreliability of in vitro tests, and the need for optimization before scaled-up manufacturing. This review will focus on some of the most recent marine actinomycete-derived antifouling agents, featuring their biological activities and chemical varieties after providing a quick overview of the disadvantages of fouling and commercially available synthetic antifouling agents. It will also offer different prospects of optimizations and analysis to scale up their industrial manufacturing for potential usage as antifouling coatings and antimicrobial and therapeutic agents.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/10/2444marine actinomycetesbiofoulingantibacterialantifoulingalkaloidspolyketide |
| spellingShingle | Radwa N. Morgan Amer Al Ali Mohammad Y. Alshahrani Khaled M. Aboshanab New Insights on Biological Activities, Chemical Compositions, and Classifications of Marine Actinomycetes Antifouling Agents Microorganisms marine actinomycetes biofouling antibacterial antifouling alkaloids polyketide |
| title | New Insights on Biological Activities, Chemical Compositions, and Classifications of Marine Actinomycetes Antifouling Agents |
| title_full | New Insights on Biological Activities, Chemical Compositions, and Classifications of Marine Actinomycetes Antifouling Agents |
| title_fullStr | New Insights on Biological Activities, Chemical Compositions, and Classifications of Marine Actinomycetes Antifouling Agents |
| title_full_unstemmed | New Insights on Biological Activities, Chemical Compositions, and Classifications of Marine Actinomycetes Antifouling Agents |
| title_short | New Insights on Biological Activities, Chemical Compositions, and Classifications of Marine Actinomycetes Antifouling Agents |
| title_sort | new insights on biological activities chemical compositions and classifications of marine actinomycetes antifouling agents |
| topic | marine actinomycetes biofouling antibacterial antifouling alkaloids polyketide |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/10/2444 |
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