| Summary: | Leafy head formation is one of the most important characteristics of Chinese cabbage, and the process is regulated by a series of genes and environmental factors. In this study, a non-heading short leaf mutant <i>slm</i> was identified from an ethyl methane sulfonate mutagenesis (EMS) population of the heading Chinese cabbage line FT. The most significant phenotypic characteristics of <i>slm</i> was shortening leaves and increasing leaf numbers, which led to failure to form a leafy head. Genetic analysis showed that a single recessive gene <i>Brslm</i> was responsible for the mutant phenotype. Mutmap analysis suggested that <i>Brslm</i> was located on chromosome A07, and four candidate genes were predicted. KASP analysis demonstrated that <i>BraA07g039390.3C</i> was the target gene of the candidates. BraA07g039390.3C is a homologous to Arabidopsis CLV1 encoding receptor kinase with an extracellular leucine-rich domain. Sequencing analysis revealed that a single SNP from G to A occurred in 904th nucleotide of <i>Brclv1</i>, which resulted in the change of the 302nd amino acid from Asp to Asn. The SNP was co-segregated with the mutant phenotype in F<sub>2</sub> individuals and located on the conserved domains. These results indicated that <i>BrCLV1</i> was the mutant gene for <i>slm</i> which led to shortening leaves and increasing leaf numbers, disrupting the leafy heading formation in FT. These findings contribute to revealing the <i>BrCLV1</i> function in leafy head formation in Chinese cabbage.
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