Load balancing in 5G heterogeneous networks based on automatic weight function
Load balancing is a major challenge in heterogeneous networks (HetNets) consisting of 5G and 6G ultra-dense small cells with long-term evaluation advanced (LTE-A) networks. A key factor in achieving efficient load balancing during user mobility is creating appropriate optimisation for handover contr...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-12-01
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| Series: | ICT Express |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405959523000358 |
| _version_ | 1797390403187507200 |
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| author | Emre Gures Ibraheem Shayea Sawsan Ali Saad Mustafa Ergen Ayman A. El-Saleh Nada M.O. Sid Ahmed Mohammad Alnakhli |
| author_facet | Emre Gures Ibraheem Shayea Sawsan Ali Saad Mustafa Ergen Ayman A. El-Saleh Nada M.O. Sid Ahmed Mohammad Alnakhli |
| author_sort | Emre Gures |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Load balancing is a major challenge in heterogeneous networks (HetNets) consisting of 5G and 6G ultra-dense small cells with long-term evaluation advanced (LTE-A) networks. A key factor in achieving efficient load balancing during user mobility is creating appropriate optimisation for handover control parameters (HCP). This paper proposes a coordinated load balancing algorithm for LTE-A/fifth generation (5G) HetNets. The algorithm automatically optimises HCP settings for a given user based on three bounded functions (the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the user equipment (UE), the number of physical resource blocks (PRBs) per UE and the UE’s speed) as well as their automatic weight levels. A two-step target cell determination strategy is implemented according to the cell load level and RSRP criteria, ensuring that users are handed over to low-loaded target cells. A new HO procedure that considers the pilot signal power is also proposed, which includes the number of PRBs per UE and the RSRP. Cells with freer PRBs are prioritised in user association to provide load balance and enhanced throughput. The proposed load balancing algorithm is compared with five other load balancing algorithms selected from the literature. The simulation results reveal that under various mobile speed scenarios, the proposed load balancing scheme enhances network performance in terms of load level, throughput, spectral efficiency and call dropping ratio (CDR). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T23:11:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-294a0429594c4ddcadf39b6f7f8eac50 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-9595 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T23:11:11Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | ICT Express |
| spelling | doaj.art-294a0429594c4ddcadf39b6f7f8eac502023-12-15T07:25:15ZengElsevierICT Express2405-95952023-12-019610191025Load balancing in 5G heterogeneous networks based on automatic weight functionEmre Gures0Ibraheem Shayea1Sawsan Ali Saad2Mustafa Ergen3Ayman A. El-Saleh4Nada M.O. Sid Ahmed5Mohammad Alnakhli6Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey; Corresponding authors.Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey; Corresponding authors.Department of Computer Engineering, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, 55211, Saudi ArabiaElectronics and Communication Engineering Department, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, TurkeyCollege of Engineering, A’Sharqiyah University (ASU), Ibra 400, OmanDepartment of Computer Engineering, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, 55211, Saudi ArabiaElectrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Addwasir 11991, Saudi ArabiaLoad balancing is a major challenge in heterogeneous networks (HetNets) consisting of 5G and 6G ultra-dense small cells with long-term evaluation advanced (LTE-A) networks. A key factor in achieving efficient load balancing during user mobility is creating appropriate optimisation for handover control parameters (HCP). This paper proposes a coordinated load balancing algorithm for LTE-A/fifth generation (5G) HetNets. The algorithm automatically optimises HCP settings for a given user based on three bounded functions (the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the user equipment (UE), the number of physical resource blocks (PRBs) per UE and the UE’s speed) as well as their automatic weight levels. A two-step target cell determination strategy is implemented according to the cell load level and RSRP criteria, ensuring that users are handed over to low-loaded target cells. A new HO procedure that considers the pilot signal power is also proposed, which includes the number of PRBs per UE and the RSRP. Cells with freer PRBs are prioritised in user association to provide load balance and enhanced throughput. The proposed load balancing algorithm is compared with five other load balancing algorithms selected from the literature. The simulation results reveal that under various mobile speed scenarios, the proposed load balancing scheme enhances network performance in terms of load level, throughput, spectral efficiency and call dropping ratio (CDR).http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405959523000358Load balancingHandoverHeterogeneous networksMobility managementMillimetre wave communication |
| spellingShingle | Emre Gures Ibraheem Shayea Sawsan Ali Saad Mustafa Ergen Ayman A. El-Saleh Nada M.O. Sid Ahmed Mohammad Alnakhli Load balancing in 5G heterogeneous networks based on automatic weight function ICT Express Load balancing Handover Heterogeneous networks Mobility management Millimetre wave communication |
| title | Load balancing in 5G heterogeneous networks based on automatic weight function |
| title_full | Load balancing in 5G heterogeneous networks based on automatic weight function |
| title_fullStr | Load balancing in 5G heterogeneous networks based on automatic weight function |
| title_full_unstemmed | Load balancing in 5G heterogeneous networks based on automatic weight function |
| title_short | Load balancing in 5G heterogeneous networks based on automatic weight function |
| title_sort | load balancing in 5g heterogeneous networks based on automatic weight function |
| topic | Load balancing Handover Heterogeneous networks Mobility management Millimetre wave communication |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405959523000358 |
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