Immune Infiltration Landscape in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Implications
The malignant phenotypes of cancer are defined not only by its intrinsic tumor cells but also by the tumor infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) recruited to the cancer microenvironment. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) immune microenvironment plays an important role in the tumorigenesis. This re...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Oncology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2020.491621/full |
| _version_ | 1818451095692771328 |
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| author | Yongfeng Wang Ci Yin Lele Geng Weiyang Cai |
| author_facet | Yongfeng Wang Ci Yin Lele Geng Weiyang Cai |
| author_sort | Yongfeng Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The malignant phenotypes of cancer are defined not only by its intrinsic tumor cells but also by the tumor infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) recruited to the cancer microenvironment. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) immune microenvironment plays an important role in the tumorigenesis. This research investigated the characteristics of immune cell invasion of renal cell carcinoma and provided clues for future clinical implementation. Retrospectively, ccRCC gene expression was analyzed with appropriate clinicopathological data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GEO database up to December 2019. The CIBERSORT algorithm, meta-analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), Single-Sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) and hierarchical agglomerative clustering were used to measure and evaluate the respective proportions of 22 cell types of immune infiltration using normalized gene expression data. We also focused on evaluating the association with TIICs subpopulations and clinical features and molecular subtypes. TIICs subpopulation, especially Macrophages subgroup, T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and CD8 T cells, all contribute to tumorigenesis. Unsupervised clustering analysis revealed that there existed two distinct TIICs subgroups with different survival patterns. TIICs are extensively involved in the pathogenesis and development of the ccRCC. Characterizing the composition of TIICs influences the metabolism of tumors, activity, level, stage, and survival of patients. Collectively, the TIIC analysis has the potential to assist in the assessment and selection of ccRCC prognosis and treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T21:01:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-294b6aef60b64c088938a23d2be9d9d3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2234-943X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T21:01:45Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Oncology |
| spelling | doaj.art-294b6aef60b64c088938a23d2be9d9d32022-12-21T22:47:34ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oncology2234-943X2021-02-011010.3389/fonc.2020.491621491621Immune Infiltration Landscape in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma ImplicationsYongfeng Wang0Ci Yin1Lele Geng2Weiyang Cai3Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Neonatology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, ChinaDepartment of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, ChinaThe malignant phenotypes of cancer are defined not only by its intrinsic tumor cells but also by the tumor infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) recruited to the cancer microenvironment. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) immune microenvironment plays an important role in the tumorigenesis. This research investigated the characteristics of immune cell invasion of renal cell carcinoma and provided clues for future clinical implementation. Retrospectively, ccRCC gene expression was analyzed with appropriate clinicopathological data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GEO database up to December 2019. The CIBERSORT algorithm, meta-analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), Single-Sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) and hierarchical agglomerative clustering were used to measure and evaluate the respective proportions of 22 cell types of immune infiltration using normalized gene expression data. We also focused on evaluating the association with TIICs subpopulations and clinical features and molecular subtypes. TIICs subpopulation, especially Macrophages subgroup, T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and CD8 T cells, all contribute to tumorigenesis. Unsupervised clustering analysis revealed that there existed two distinct TIICs subgroups with different survival patterns. TIICs are extensively involved in the pathogenesis and development of the ccRCC. Characterizing the composition of TIICs influences the metabolism of tumors, activity, level, stage, and survival of patients. Collectively, the TIIC analysis has the potential to assist in the assessment and selection of ccRCC prognosis and treatment.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2020.491621/fullclear cell renal cell carcinomatumor infiltrating immune cellsTumor MicroenvironmentCIBERSORTTCGA |
| spellingShingle | Yongfeng Wang Ci Yin Lele Geng Weiyang Cai Immune Infiltration Landscape in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Implications Frontiers in Oncology clear cell renal cell carcinoma tumor infiltrating immune cells Tumor Microenvironment CIBERSORT TCGA |
| title | Immune Infiltration Landscape in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Implications |
| title_full | Immune Infiltration Landscape in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Implications |
| title_fullStr | Immune Infiltration Landscape in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Implications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immune Infiltration Landscape in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Implications |
| title_short | Immune Infiltration Landscape in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Implications |
| title_sort | immune infiltration landscape in clear cell renal cell carcinoma implications |
| topic | clear cell renal cell carcinoma tumor infiltrating immune cells Tumor Microenvironment CIBERSORT TCGA |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2020.491621/full |
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