Defective RNA Particles of Plant Viruses—Origin, Structure and Role in Pathogenesis
The genomes of RNA viruses may be monopartite or multipartite, and sub-genomic particles such as defective RNAs (D RNAs) or satellite RNAs (satRNAs) can be associated with some of them. D RNAs are small, deletion mutants of a virus that have lost essential functions for independent replication, enca...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-12-01
|
| Series: | Viruses |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/12/2814 |
| _version_ | 1797454886702415872 |
|---|---|
| author | Daria Budzyńska Mark P. Zwart Beata Hasiów-Jaroszewska |
| author_facet | Daria Budzyńska Mark P. Zwart Beata Hasiów-Jaroszewska |
| author_sort | Daria Budzyńska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The genomes of RNA viruses may be monopartite or multipartite, and sub-genomic particles such as defective RNAs (D RNAs) or satellite RNAs (satRNAs) can be associated with some of them. D RNAs are small, deletion mutants of a virus that have lost essential functions for independent replication, encapsidation and/or movement. D RNAs are common elements associated with human and animal viruses, and they have been described for numerous plant viruses so far. Over 30 years of studies on D RNAs allow for some general conclusions to be drawn. First, the essential condition for D RNA formation is prolonged passaging of the virus at a high cellular multiplicity of infection (MOI) in one host. Second, recombination plays crucial roles in D RNA formation. Moreover, during virus propagation, D RNAs evolve, and the composition of the particle depends on, e.g., host plant, virus isolate or number of passages. Defective RNAs are often engaged in transient interactions with full-length viruses—they can modulate accumulation, infection dynamics and virulence, and are widely used, i.e., as a tool for research on <i>cis</i>-acting elements crucial for viral replication. Nevertheless, many questions regarding the generation and role of D RNAs in pathogenesis remain open. In this review, we summarise the knowledge about D RNAs of plant viruses obtained so far. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:44:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-294c58a4f88c4dbbb8232638d548750d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:44:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-294c58a4f88c4dbbb8232638d548750d2023-11-24T18:40:09ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152022-12-011412281410.3390/v14122814Defective RNA Particles of Plant Viruses—Origin, Structure and Role in PathogenesisDaria Budzyńska0Mark P. Zwart1Beata Hasiów-Jaroszewska2Department of Virology and Bacteriology, Institute of Plant Protection-National Research Institute, Wl Wegorka 20, 60-318 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Virology and Bacteriology, Institute of Plant Protection-National Research Institute, Wl Wegorka 20, 60-318 Poznan, PolandThe genomes of RNA viruses may be monopartite or multipartite, and sub-genomic particles such as defective RNAs (D RNAs) or satellite RNAs (satRNAs) can be associated with some of them. D RNAs are small, deletion mutants of a virus that have lost essential functions for independent replication, encapsidation and/or movement. D RNAs are common elements associated with human and animal viruses, and they have been described for numerous plant viruses so far. Over 30 years of studies on D RNAs allow for some general conclusions to be drawn. First, the essential condition for D RNA formation is prolonged passaging of the virus at a high cellular multiplicity of infection (MOI) in one host. Second, recombination plays crucial roles in D RNA formation. Moreover, during virus propagation, D RNAs evolve, and the composition of the particle depends on, e.g., host plant, virus isolate or number of passages. Defective RNAs are often engaged in transient interactions with full-length viruses—they can modulate accumulation, infection dynamics and virulence, and are widely used, i.e., as a tool for research on <i>cis</i>-acting elements crucial for viral replication. Nevertheless, many questions regarding the generation and role of D RNAs in pathogenesis remain open. In this review, we summarise the knowledge about D RNAs of plant viruses obtained so far.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/12/2814plant virusessubviral particlesdefective RNA particlesDI RNAs |
| spellingShingle | Daria Budzyńska Mark P. Zwart Beata Hasiów-Jaroszewska Defective RNA Particles of Plant Viruses—Origin, Structure and Role in Pathogenesis Viruses plant viruses subviral particles defective RNA particles DI RNAs |
| title | Defective RNA Particles of Plant Viruses—Origin, Structure and Role in Pathogenesis |
| title_full | Defective RNA Particles of Plant Viruses—Origin, Structure and Role in Pathogenesis |
| title_fullStr | Defective RNA Particles of Plant Viruses—Origin, Structure and Role in Pathogenesis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Defective RNA Particles of Plant Viruses—Origin, Structure and Role in Pathogenesis |
| title_short | Defective RNA Particles of Plant Viruses—Origin, Structure and Role in Pathogenesis |
| title_sort | defective rna particles of plant viruses origin structure and role in pathogenesis |
| topic | plant viruses subviral particles defective RNA particles DI RNAs |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/12/2814 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dariabudzynska defectivernaparticlesofplantvirusesoriginstructureandroleinpathogenesis AT markpzwart defectivernaparticlesofplantvirusesoriginstructureandroleinpathogenesis AT beatahasiowjaroszewska defectivernaparticlesofplantvirusesoriginstructureandroleinpathogenesis |