Unraveling the Water-Energy-Food-Environment Nexus for Climate Change Adaptation in Iran: Urmia Lake Basin Case-Study
A holistic approach to the management of water, energy, food, and the environment is required to both meet the socioeconomic demands of the future as well as sustainable development of these limited resources. The Urmia Lake Basin has faced environmental, social, and economic challenges in recent ye...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/9/1282 |
| _version_ | 1797535519417040896 |
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| author | Hossein Nasrollahi Rasool Shirazizadeh Reza Shirmohammadi Omid Pourali Majid Amidpour |
| author_facet | Hossein Nasrollahi Rasool Shirazizadeh Reza Shirmohammadi Omid Pourali Majid Amidpour |
| author_sort | Hossein Nasrollahi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A holistic approach to the management of water, energy, food, and the environment is required to both meet the socioeconomic demands of the future as well as sustainable development of these limited resources. The Urmia Lake Basin has faced environmental, social, and economic challenges in recent years, and this situation is likely to worsen under the impacts of climate change. For this study, an adaptability analysis of this region is proposed for the 2040 horizon year. Two models, the water evaluation and planning (WEAP (Stockholm Environmental Institute, Stockholm, Sweden)) and the low emissions analysis platform (LEAP (Stockholm Environmental Institute, Boston, MA, USA)), are integrated to simulate changes in water, energy, food, and the environment over these 20 years. Two climate scenarios and nine policy scenarios are combined to assess sustainable development using a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) approach. Results show that, through pursuing challenging goals in agricultural, potable water, energy, and industrial sectors, sustainable development will be achieved. In this scenario, the Lake Urmia water level will reach its ecological water level in 2040. However, social, technical, and political challenges are considered obstacles to implementing the goals of this scenario. In addition, industry growth and industry structure adjustment have the most impact on sustainable development achievement. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:45:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-294d9301b1bf4e5a953c88b840c21232 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:45:59Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-294d9301b1bf4e5a953c88b840c212322023-11-21T18:05:10ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412021-05-01139128210.3390/w13091282Unraveling the Water-Energy-Food-Environment Nexus for Climate Change Adaptation in Iran: Urmia Lake Basin Case-StudyHossein Nasrollahi0Rasool Shirazizadeh1Reza Shirmohammadi2Omid Pourali3Majid Amidpour4Department of Energy System Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 158754416, IranDepartment of Energy System Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 158754416, IranDepartment of Renewable Energy and Environment, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, IranDepartment of Energy System Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 158754416, IranDepartment of Energy System Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 158754416, IranA holistic approach to the management of water, energy, food, and the environment is required to both meet the socioeconomic demands of the future as well as sustainable development of these limited resources. The Urmia Lake Basin has faced environmental, social, and economic challenges in recent years, and this situation is likely to worsen under the impacts of climate change. For this study, an adaptability analysis of this region is proposed for the 2040 horizon year. Two models, the water evaluation and planning (WEAP (Stockholm Environmental Institute, Stockholm, Sweden)) and the low emissions analysis platform (LEAP (Stockholm Environmental Institute, Boston, MA, USA)), are integrated to simulate changes in water, energy, food, and the environment over these 20 years. Two climate scenarios and nine policy scenarios are combined to assess sustainable development using a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) approach. Results show that, through pursuing challenging goals in agricultural, potable water, energy, and industrial sectors, sustainable development will be achieved. In this scenario, the Lake Urmia water level will reach its ecological water level in 2040. However, social, technical, and political challenges are considered obstacles to implementing the goals of this scenario. In addition, industry growth and industry structure adjustment have the most impact on sustainable development achievement.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/9/1282water-energy-food-environment nexussustainable developmentLake Urmiamulti-criteria decision analysisclimate modeling |
| spellingShingle | Hossein Nasrollahi Rasool Shirazizadeh Reza Shirmohammadi Omid Pourali Majid Amidpour Unraveling the Water-Energy-Food-Environment Nexus for Climate Change Adaptation in Iran: Urmia Lake Basin Case-Study Water water-energy-food-environment nexus sustainable development Lake Urmia multi-criteria decision analysis climate modeling |
| title | Unraveling the Water-Energy-Food-Environment Nexus for Climate Change Adaptation in Iran: Urmia Lake Basin Case-Study |
| title_full | Unraveling the Water-Energy-Food-Environment Nexus for Climate Change Adaptation in Iran: Urmia Lake Basin Case-Study |
| title_fullStr | Unraveling the Water-Energy-Food-Environment Nexus for Climate Change Adaptation in Iran: Urmia Lake Basin Case-Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unraveling the Water-Energy-Food-Environment Nexus for Climate Change Adaptation in Iran: Urmia Lake Basin Case-Study |
| title_short | Unraveling the Water-Energy-Food-Environment Nexus for Climate Change Adaptation in Iran: Urmia Lake Basin Case-Study |
| title_sort | unraveling the water energy food environment nexus for climate change adaptation in iran urmia lake basin case study |
| topic | water-energy-food-environment nexus sustainable development Lake Urmia multi-criteria decision analysis climate modeling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/9/1282 |
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