| Summary: | In recent years, some volcanic eruptions have focused scientists’ attention on the detection and monitoring of volcanic clouds, as their impact on the air traffic control system has been unprecedented. In 2010, the Eyjafjallajökull eruption forced the disruption of the airspace of several countries, generating one of the largest air traffic shutdowns ever. Extreme convective events cause many deaths and injuries, and much damage to property every year, accounting for major economic damages related to natural disasters in several countries. Due to global warming, Atlantic tropical cyclones have increased their maximum intensity, hurricanes have more often become extratropical cyclones affecting northern Europe, and southeastern Europe is characterized by increasing annual stormy days. Convective and Volcanic Clouds (CVC) are very dangerous for aviation operations, as they can affect aircraft safety and economic, political, and cultural activities. The detection, nowcasting, and monitoring of CVC is therefore vital for organizing efficient early warning systems.
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