The Effects of Soy Protein and Cocoa With or Without Isoflavones on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes. A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
Objective: Soy and cocoa have been suggested to be beneficial for diabetes. The aim of this study was to identify the effects of soy protein, isoflavones, and cocoa on glycemic control parameters.Research design and methods: The study was a parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled study where pati...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fendo.2019.00296/full |
| _version_ | 1819093204396408832 |
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| author | Judit Konya Thozhukat Sathyapalan Eric S. Kilpatrick Stephen L. Atkin |
| author_facet | Judit Konya Thozhukat Sathyapalan Eric S. Kilpatrick Stephen L. Atkin |
| author_sort | Judit Konya |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective: Soy and cocoa have been suggested to be beneficial for diabetes. The aim of this study was to identify the effects of soy protein, isoflavones, and cocoa on glycemic control parameters.Research design and methods: The study was a parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled study where patients with diet or metformin controlled type 2 diabetes were randomized to, casein soy protein with or without isoflavones (SPI, SP), and with or without cocoa (SPIC, SPC) arms for an 8 week period. Glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors were assessed prior to and after the completion of the dietary intervention. Sixty participants completed the study.Results: Soy protein improved HbA1c compared to casein (p < 0.05). The addition of isoflavones improved indices of insulin resistance and LDL [delta QUICKIE (SPI: −0.12 ± 0.04 vs. SP: 0.03 ± 0.06, p = 0.03); delta LDL (−0.27 ± 0.41 vs. 0.22 ± 0.43, p = 0.02); percentage change in HOMA (31.02 ± 54.75 vs. −14.42 ± 27.07, p = 0.02); percentage change in QUICKIE (−3.89 ± 7.07 vs. 6.11 ± 10.54, p = 0.01)]. However, the addition of cocoa provided no benefit with or without isoflavones.Summary: Soy protein had intrinsic activity on glycemic control compared to casein. Isoflavones improved both insulin resistance and LDL, but cocoa did not have added benefit on these indices.Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT01754662. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T23:07:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-295f6bf8e5d445f1abe2178cae28b998 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T23:07:48Z |
| publishDate | 2019-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj.art-295f6bf8e5d445f1abe2178cae28b9982022-12-21T18:47:07ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922019-05-011010.3389/fendo.2019.00296435213The Effects of Soy Protein and Cocoa With or Without Isoflavones on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes. A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled StudyJudit Konya0Thozhukat Sathyapalan1Eric S. Kilpatrick2Stephen L. Atkin3Diabetes Research Centre, University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull, United KingdomDiabetes Research Centre, University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull, United KingdomSidra Research Centre, Doha, QatarWeill Cornell Medicine, Doha, QatarObjective: Soy and cocoa have been suggested to be beneficial for diabetes. The aim of this study was to identify the effects of soy protein, isoflavones, and cocoa on glycemic control parameters.Research design and methods: The study was a parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled study where patients with diet or metformin controlled type 2 diabetes were randomized to, casein soy protein with or without isoflavones (SPI, SP), and with or without cocoa (SPIC, SPC) arms for an 8 week period. Glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors were assessed prior to and after the completion of the dietary intervention. Sixty participants completed the study.Results: Soy protein improved HbA1c compared to casein (p < 0.05). The addition of isoflavones improved indices of insulin resistance and LDL [delta QUICKIE (SPI: −0.12 ± 0.04 vs. SP: 0.03 ± 0.06, p = 0.03); delta LDL (−0.27 ± 0.41 vs. 0.22 ± 0.43, p = 0.02); percentage change in HOMA (31.02 ± 54.75 vs. −14.42 ± 27.07, p = 0.02); percentage change in QUICKIE (−3.89 ± 7.07 vs. 6.11 ± 10.54, p = 0.01)]. However, the addition of cocoa provided no benefit with or without isoflavones.Summary: Soy protein had intrinsic activity on glycemic control compared to casein. Isoflavones improved both insulin resistance and LDL, but cocoa did not have added benefit on these indices.Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT01754662.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fendo.2019.00296/fulltype 2 diabetessoycocoaglycemia controlisoflavones |
| spellingShingle | Judit Konya Thozhukat Sathyapalan Eric S. Kilpatrick Stephen L. Atkin The Effects of Soy Protein and Cocoa With or Without Isoflavones on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes. A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study Frontiers in Endocrinology type 2 diabetes soy cocoa glycemia control isoflavones |
| title | The Effects of Soy Protein and Cocoa With or Without Isoflavones on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes. A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study |
| title_full | The Effects of Soy Protein and Cocoa With or Without Isoflavones on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes. A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study |
| title_fullStr | The Effects of Soy Protein and Cocoa With or Without Isoflavones on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes. A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effects of Soy Protein and Cocoa With or Without Isoflavones on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes. A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study |
| title_short | The Effects of Soy Protein and Cocoa With or Without Isoflavones on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes. A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study |
| title_sort | effects of soy protein and cocoa with or without isoflavones on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes a double blind randomized placebo controlled study |
| topic | type 2 diabetes soy cocoa glycemia control isoflavones |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fendo.2019.00296/full |
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