A Design of Experiment Approach for Ionic Liquid-Based Extraction of Toxic Components-Minimized Essential Oil from <i>Myristica fragrans</i> Houtt. Fruits <sup>†</sup>
The effect of the addition of ionic liquids (ILs) during the hydrodistillation of <i>Myristica fragrans</i> Houtt. (nutmeg) essential oil was studied. The essential oil of <i>M. fragrans</i> is characterized by the presence of terpenes, terpenoids, and of phenylpropanoids, su...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2018-10-01
|
| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/11/2817 |
| _version_ | 1819182459576647680 |
|---|---|
| author | Daniela Lanari Maria Carla Marcotullio Andrea Neri |
| author_facet | Daniela Lanari Maria Carla Marcotullio Andrea Neri |
| author_sort | Daniela Lanari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The effect of the addition of ionic liquids (ILs) during the hydrodistillation of <i>Myristica fragrans</i> Houtt. (nutmeg) essential oil was studied. The essential oil of <i>M. fragrans</i> is characterized by the presence of terpenes, terpenoids, and of phenylpropanoids, such as methyl eugenol and safrole, that are regarded as genotoxic and carcinogenic. The aim of the work was to determine the best ionic liquid to improve the yield of the extraction of <i>M. fragrans</i> essential oil and decrease the extraction of toxic phenylpropanoids. Six ILs, namely 1,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride (<b>1</b>), 1,3-dimethylimidazolium dimethylphosphate (<b>2</b>), 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride (<b>3</b>), 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium dimethylphosphate (<b>4</b>), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (<b>5</b>), and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dimethylphosphate (<b>6</b>), were prepared by previously reported, innovative methods and then tested. An experimental design was used to optimize the extraction yield and to decrease the phenylpropanoids percentage using the synthesized ILs. The influence of the molarity of ILs was also studied. MODDE 12 software established 0.5 M 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride as the best co-solvent for the hydrodistillation of <i>M. fragrans</i> essential oil. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T22:46:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-297728c8c4304b42a75d7a646b07df9e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T22:46:28Z |
| publishDate | 2018-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-297728c8c4304b42a75d7a646b07df9e2022-12-21T18:10:05ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492018-10-012311281710.3390/molecules23112817molecules23112817A Design of Experiment Approach for Ionic Liquid-Based Extraction of Toxic Components-Minimized Essential Oil from <i>Myristica fragrans</i> Houtt. Fruits <sup>†</sup>Daniela Lanari0Maria Carla Marcotullio1Andrea Neri2Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, via del Liceo, 1- Università degli Studi, 06123 Perugia, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, via del Liceo, 1- Università degli Studi, 06123 Perugia, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, via del Liceo, 1- Università degli Studi, 06123 Perugia, ItalyThe effect of the addition of ionic liquids (ILs) during the hydrodistillation of <i>Myristica fragrans</i> Houtt. (nutmeg) essential oil was studied. The essential oil of <i>M. fragrans</i> is characterized by the presence of terpenes, terpenoids, and of phenylpropanoids, such as methyl eugenol and safrole, that are regarded as genotoxic and carcinogenic. The aim of the work was to determine the best ionic liquid to improve the yield of the extraction of <i>M. fragrans</i> essential oil and decrease the extraction of toxic phenylpropanoids. Six ILs, namely 1,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride (<b>1</b>), 1,3-dimethylimidazolium dimethylphosphate (<b>2</b>), 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride (<b>3</b>), 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium dimethylphosphate (<b>4</b>), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (<b>5</b>), and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dimethylphosphate (<b>6</b>), were prepared by previously reported, innovative methods and then tested. An experimental design was used to optimize the extraction yield and to decrease the phenylpropanoids percentage using the synthesized ILs. The influence of the molarity of ILs was also studied. MODDE 12 software established 0.5 M 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride as the best co-solvent for the hydrodistillation of <i>M. fragrans</i> essential oil.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/11/2817<i>Myristica fragrans</i>nutmegessential oilionic liquidshydrodistillationMODDE experimental design |
| spellingShingle | Daniela Lanari Maria Carla Marcotullio Andrea Neri A Design of Experiment Approach for Ionic Liquid-Based Extraction of Toxic Components-Minimized Essential Oil from <i>Myristica fragrans</i> Houtt. Fruits <sup>†</sup> Molecules <i>Myristica fragrans</i> nutmeg essential oil ionic liquids hydrodistillation MODDE experimental design |
| title | A Design of Experiment Approach for Ionic Liquid-Based Extraction of Toxic Components-Minimized Essential Oil from <i>Myristica fragrans</i> Houtt. Fruits <sup>†</sup> |
| title_full | A Design of Experiment Approach for Ionic Liquid-Based Extraction of Toxic Components-Minimized Essential Oil from <i>Myristica fragrans</i> Houtt. Fruits <sup>†</sup> |
| title_fullStr | A Design of Experiment Approach for Ionic Liquid-Based Extraction of Toxic Components-Minimized Essential Oil from <i>Myristica fragrans</i> Houtt. Fruits <sup>†</sup> |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Design of Experiment Approach for Ionic Liquid-Based Extraction of Toxic Components-Minimized Essential Oil from <i>Myristica fragrans</i> Houtt. Fruits <sup>†</sup> |
| title_short | A Design of Experiment Approach for Ionic Liquid-Based Extraction of Toxic Components-Minimized Essential Oil from <i>Myristica fragrans</i> Houtt. Fruits <sup>†</sup> |
| title_sort | design of experiment approach for ionic liquid based extraction of toxic components minimized essential oil from i myristica fragrans i houtt fruits sup † sup |
| topic | <i>Myristica fragrans</i> nutmeg essential oil ionic liquids hydrodistillation MODDE experimental design |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/11/2817 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT danielalanari adesignofexperimentapproachforionicliquidbasedextractionoftoxiccomponentsminimizedessentialoilfromimyristicafragransihouttfruitssupsup AT mariacarlamarcotullio adesignofexperimentapproachforionicliquidbasedextractionoftoxiccomponentsminimizedessentialoilfromimyristicafragransihouttfruitssupsup AT andreaneri adesignofexperimentapproachforionicliquidbasedextractionoftoxiccomponentsminimizedessentialoilfromimyristicafragransihouttfruitssupsup AT danielalanari designofexperimentapproachforionicliquidbasedextractionoftoxiccomponentsminimizedessentialoilfromimyristicafragransihouttfruitssupsup AT mariacarlamarcotullio designofexperimentapproachforionicliquidbasedextractionoftoxiccomponentsminimizedessentialoilfromimyristicafragransihouttfruitssupsup AT andreaneri designofexperimentapproachforionicliquidbasedextractionoftoxiccomponentsminimizedessentialoilfromimyristicafragransihouttfruitssupsup |