Effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines against Omicron infection and severe events: a systematic review and meta-analysis of test-negative design studies
BackgroundA rapidly growing body was observed of literature evaluating the vaccine effectiveness (VE) against Omicron in test-negative design studies.MethodsWe systematically searched papers that evaluated VE of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines on PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Embase,...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-06-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1195908/full |
| _version_ | 1827930377689235456 |
|---|---|
| author | Shangchen Song Zachary J. Madewell Mingjin Liu Ira M. Longini Yang Yang |
| author_facet | Shangchen Song Zachary J. Madewell Mingjin Liu Ira M. Longini Yang Yang |
| author_sort | Shangchen Song |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundA rapidly growing body was observed of literature evaluating the vaccine effectiveness (VE) against Omicron in test-negative design studies.MethodsWe systematically searched papers that evaluated VE of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines on PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Embase, Scopus, bioRxiv, and medRxiv published from November 26th, 2021, to June 27th, 2022 (full doses and the first booster), and to January 8th, 2023 (the second booster). The pooled VE against Omicron-associated infection and severe events were estimated.ResultsFrom 2,552 citations identified, 42 articles were included. The first booster provided stronger protection against Omicron than full doses alone, shown by VE estimates of 53.1% (95% CI: 48.0–57.8) vs. 28.6% (95% CI: 18.5–37.4) against infection and 82.5% (95% CI: 77.8–86.2) vs. 57.3% (95% CI: 48.5–64.7) against severe events. The second booster offered strong protection among adults within 60 days of vaccination against infection (VE=53.1%, 95% CI: 48.0–57.8) and severe events (VE=87.3% (95% CI: 75.5–93.4), comparable to the first booster with corresponding VE estimates of 59.9% against infection and 84.8% against severe events. The VE estimates of booster doses against severe events among adults sustained beyond 60 days, 77.6% (95% CI: 69.4–83.6) for first and 85.9% (95% CI: 80.3–89.9) for the second booster. The VE estimates against infection were less sustainable regardless of dose type. Pure mRNA vaccines provided comparable protection to partial mRNA vaccines, but both provided higher protection than non-mRNA vaccines.ConclusionsOne or two SARS-CoV-2 booster doses provide considerable protection against Omicron infection and substantial and sustainable protection against Omicron-induced severe clinical outcomes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T06:35:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-298c8a5a07164bf8a86276109b42c91c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T06:35:46Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-298c8a5a07164bf8a86276109b42c91c2023-06-09T05:15:52ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652023-06-011110.3389/fpubh.2023.11959081195908Effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines against Omicron infection and severe events: a systematic review and meta-analysis of test-negative design studiesShangchen Song0Zachary J. Madewell1Mingjin Liu2Ira M. Longini3Yang Yang4Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health professions and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United StatesDepartment of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health professions and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United StatesDepartment of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health professions and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United StatesDepartment of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health professions and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United StatesDepartment of Statistics, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United StatesBackgroundA rapidly growing body was observed of literature evaluating the vaccine effectiveness (VE) against Omicron in test-negative design studies.MethodsWe systematically searched papers that evaluated VE of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines on PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Embase, Scopus, bioRxiv, and medRxiv published from November 26th, 2021, to June 27th, 2022 (full doses and the first booster), and to January 8th, 2023 (the second booster). The pooled VE against Omicron-associated infection and severe events were estimated.ResultsFrom 2,552 citations identified, 42 articles were included. The first booster provided stronger protection against Omicron than full doses alone, shown by VE estimates of 53.1% (95% CI: 48.0–57.8) vs. 28.6% (95% CI: 18.5–37.4) against infection and 82.5% (95% CI: 77.8–86.2) vs. 57.3% (95% CI: 48.5–64.7) against severe events. The second booster offered strong protection among adults within 60 days of vaccination against infection (VE=53.1%, 95% CI: 48.0–57.8) and severe events (VE=87.3% (95% CI: 75.5–93.4), comparable to the first booster with corresponding VE estimates of 59.9% against infection and 84.8% against severe events. The VE estimates of booster doses against severe events among adults sustained beyond 60 days, 77.6% (95% CI: 69.4–83.6) for first and 85.9% (95% CI: 80.3–89.9) for the second booster. The VE estimates against infection were less sustainable regardless of dose type. Pure mRNA vaccines provided comparable protection to partial mRNA vaccines, but both provided higher protection than non-mRNA vaccines.ConclusionsOne or two SARS-CoV-2 booster doses provide considerable protection against Omicron infection and substantial and sustainable protection against Omicron-induced severe clinical outcomes.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1195908/fullOmicronvaccine effectivenessmeta-analysistest negativebooster dose |
| spellingShingle | Shangchen Song Zachary J. Madewell Mingjin Liu Ira M. Longini Yang Yang Effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines against Omicron infection and severe events: a systematic review and meta-analysis of test-negative design studies Frontiers in Public Health Omicron vaccine effectiveness meta-analysis test negative booster dose |
| title | Effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines against Omicron infection and severe events: a systematic review and meta-analysis of test-negative design studies |
| title_full | Effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines against Omicron infection and severe events: a systematic review and meta-analysis of test-negative design studies |
| title_fullStr | Effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines against Omicron infection and severe events: a systematic review and meta-analysis of test-negative design studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines against Omicron infection and severe events: a systematic review and meta-analysis of test-negative design studies |
| title_short | Effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines against Omicron infection and severe events: a systematic review and meta-analysis of test-negative design studies |
| title_sort | effectiveness of sars cov 2 vaccines against omicron infection and severe events a systematic review and meta analysis of test negative design studies |
| topic | Omicron vaccine effectiveness meta-analysis test negative booster dose |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1195908/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shangchensong effectivenessofsarscov2vaccinesagainstomicroninfectionandsevereeventsasystematicreviewandmetaanalysisoftestnegativedesignstudies AT zacharyjmadewell effectivenessofsarscov2vaccinesagainstomicroninfectionandsevereeventsasystematicreviewandmetaanalysisoftestnegativedesignstudies AT mingjinliu effectivenessofsarscov2vaccinesagainstomicroninfectionandsevereeventsasystematicreviewandmetaanalysisoftestnegativedesignstudies AT iramlongini effectivenessofsarscov2vaccinesagainstomicroninfectionandsevereeventsasystematicreviewandmetaanalysisoftestnegativedesignstudies AT yangyang effectivenessofsarscov2vaccinesagainstomicroninfectionandsevereeventsasystematicreviewandmetaanalysisoftestnegativedesignstudies |